Figures & data
Fig. 1 Study design
Table 1 Age, maturity offset, physical characteristics, dietary intake and training characteristics of participants in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM
Table 2 Circulating levels of bone turnover markers and indices of bone turnover rate and balance for each group (protein, carbohydrate, water) at baseline, i.e. morning, fasted resting concentrations, as well as at 8 and 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM
Fig. 2 Relative changes in serum concentrations (mean ± SEM) of carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTXI) following the two post-exercise supplement beverages (i.e., 8 h and 24 h from baseline) in adolescent female and male swimmers, where baseline values are taken as 100%. There was a significant main effect for time (F = 11.48, p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.18) and a significant time-by-group interaction (F = 4.88, p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.16), reflecting a significant decrease (*p = 0.04) from 8 h to 24 h in the protein group only
Fig. 3 Relative serum concentrations (mean ± SEM) of procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) following the two post-exercise supplement beverages (i.e., 8 h and 24 h from baseline) in adolescent female and male swimmers, where baseline values are taken as 100%. No significant main effects were observed for time, group or sex, and no significant interactions
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author [PK]. The data are not publicly available due to REB restrictions.