Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Detailed timeline of training and testing. All tests were separated by 24 h. Tests immediately following completion of familiarization as well as training were performed after a 72 h-resting period to minimize effects related to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and post-exertion swelling

Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline

Fig. 2 Whole-body and segmental FFM before and after 12-week resistance training with and without HMB supplementation. a Whole-body measurements for total body mass and FFM. b Arm FFM. c Leg FFM. Values are medians (crossbars), interquartile ranges (boxes) and minima and maxima (whiskers). Individual changes are shown by circles and lines. P-values indicate within-subject differences for each group using Bonferroni-corrected paired t tests. Segmental data include left and side; n = 28 (WP + HMB: n = 16, WP + PLA: n = 12) for arm and leg FFM)

Fig. 3 Effect of HMB on body composition, strength, and cardiopulmonary fitness after a 12-week resistance training program. Effect sizes are Cohen’s d for differences between change scores. P-values are based on t-statistics for unpaired comparisons. CI, confidence interval adjusted for multiple comparisons, i.e., 99.5%). CSA_FFM, FFM cross-sectional area. $\dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{\text{2max}}$, maximal oxygen uptake

Table 2 Body composition, strength and maximal oxygen uptake pre- and posttraining

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.