Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial

Figures & data

Table 1 The contents and differences between different omega-3 fatty acid supplements and CLO from the market leaders in Norway. The table reports the daily intake recommended by the manufacturer

Fig. 1 Outline of study participants and use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements. ¹19 subjects used both cod liver oil and other omega-3 fatty acid supplement. ²38 subjects reported sporadic use of both cod liver oil and other omega-3 fatty acid supplement

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of subjects who reported on use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and baseline characteristics of the sub cohorts who reported regular or sporadic use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and the subjects who reported no use these supplements. P-value reflects between-group differences between regular users, sporadic users and no users. Data are reported as mean (SD) or median (25th, 75th percentile)

Fig. 2 CRP increase from baseline to 24 h after the race, comparing non- or sporadic use of omega-3 fatty acids to a) regular use of any omega-3 fatty acid supplement, b) regular use of CLO and c) regular use of a non-CLO omega-3 fatty acid supplement

Table 3 Association between regular use of any omega-3 fatty acid supplements (n = 274) and change in concentrations of Ln-transformed CRP (B (95% confidence interval)) compared with non- or sporadic users (n = 582)

Fig. 3 Mean delta CRP increase from baseline to 24 h after the race in subjects who use CLO regularly (green) versus the rest of the cohort (blue), divided into tertiles based on a) race duration and b) body mass index

Availability of data and materials

Data will be made available upon reasonable request.