Pharmacy education and workforce: strategic recommendations based on expert consensus in Lebanon

Figures & data

Table 1 Literature review related to the pharmacy in Lebanon

Table 2 SWOC analysis of the workforce education and job market

Fig. 1 Pharmacy education values at institutional and individual levels

Fig. 2 Pillars and objectives for pharmacy education and workforce

Sacre H et al. Developing core competencies for pharmacy graduates: the Lebanese experience. J Pharm Pract. 2020: 897190020966195.

 Google Scholar

Hajj A, et al.Lebanese pharmacy core competencies framework: tool validation for self-declared assessmentInt J Pharm Pract2021296598604 https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab055

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zeenny RM, et al.Descriptive assessment of graduates' perceptions of pharmacy-related competencies based on the Lebanese pharmacy core competencies frameworkPharm Pract (Granada)20211922320 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2320

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zeitoun A, et al.Clinical preceptor competencies for a better pharmacy education: a suggested framework for LebanonJ Pharm Policy Pract20201321 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00217-3

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sacre H, et al.Upgrading pharmacy education to produce practice-ready pharmacists in LebanonPharm Educ2020201379394 https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2020.201.379394

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Farra A, et al.Implementing an interprofessional education programme in Lebanon: overcoming challengesEastern Mediterr Health J.2018249914921 https://doi.org/10.26719/2018.24.9.914

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hajj A, et al.Assessment of drug-prescribing perception and practice among dental care providers: a cross-sectional Lebanese studyPharm Pract (Granada)20211912234 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2234

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S, et al.Lebanese pharmacists' confidence and self-perceptions of computer literacy: scale validation and correlatesJ Pharm Policy Pract20201344 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00246-y

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sacre H, et al.Mandatory continuing education for pharmacists in a developing country: assessment of a three-year cyclePharm Pract (Granada)20191731545 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2019.3.1545

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Iskandar K, et al.Assessing continuing education practices and preferences amongst Lebanese Hospital PharmacistsPharm Pract (Granada)20181621159 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2018.02.1159

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Sacre H, et al.Attitudes of Lebanese pharmacists towards online and live continuing education sessionsPharm Pract (Granada)20191721438 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2019.2.1438

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Tawil S, et al.Pharmacists and continuing education: a cross-sectional observational study of value and motivationInt J Pharm Pract2020284380389 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12616

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S, et al.Projecting the future size of the Lebanese pharmacy workforce: forecasts until the year 2050Int J Pharm Pract2019276582588 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12564

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Alameddine M, BouKarroum K, Hijazi MAUpscaling the pharmacy profession in Lebanon: workforce distribution and key improvement opportunitiesHum Resour Health201917147 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0386-0

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sacre H, et al.The pharmacy profession in a developing country: challenges and suggested governance solutions in LebanonJ Res Pharm Pract2019823944 https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_5

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S et al. Credentialing and recognition of pharmacy specializations: the Lebanese order of pharmacists initiative. ACCP International Clinical Pharmacists, 2019.

 Google Scholar

Hajj A, et al.The Lebanese experience for early career development: Bridging the gap to reach the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency FrameworkPharm Educ2022221211220 https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.221.211220

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hobeika E, et al.Factors associated with empathy among community pharmacists in LebanonJ Pharm Policy Pract20201332 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00237-z

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sacre H, et al.Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional studyPharm Pract (Granada)20191741613 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2019.4.1613

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Youssef D, et al.Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among Lebanese community pharmacists in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: results from the first national cross-sectional surveyJ Pharmaceut Policy Pract202114112

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Alameddine M, Bou-Karroum K, Hijazi MAA national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional surveyJ Pharm Policy Pract20221518 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-022-00406-2

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S, et al.Situation analysis of community pharmacy owners in LebanonPharm Pract (Granada)2017151853 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.01.853

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Zeenny RM, et al.A cross-sectional survey on community pharmacists readiness to fight COVID-19 in a developing country: knowledge, attitude, and practice in LebanonJ Pharm Policy Pract202114151 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00327-6

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Barake S, et al.The health status of Lebanese community pharmacists: prevalence of poor lifestyle behaviors and chronic conditionsSaudi Pharm J2021296497505 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.005

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL). OPL deliverables 2015–2018. Summary of a Mandate. Clinical pharmacy law; Numerus Clausus law. Pharmacy education prolongation. Early career decision.; Available from: https://opl.org.lb/newdesign/pdf/OPL%20Deliverables.pdf.

 Google Scholar

Akel ME, et al.Experiential education in pharmacy curriculum: the Lebanese International University ModelPharmacy (Basel)2020915 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010005

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL). Guide to Self Assessment of Pharmacy Schools. 2018; Available from: https://opl.org.lb/newdesign/pdf/Pharmacy%20Programs%20Accreditation%20-%20Full%20Guide.pdf.

 Google Scholar

Hallit S, et al.Good pharmacy practice standardized for community pharmacists: the Lebanese order of pharmacists initiativeJ Res Pharm Pract2019812932 https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_18_96

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Badro DA, et al.Good pharmacy practice assessment among community pharmacies in LebanonPharm Pract (Granada)20201811745 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.1.1745

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sacre H, et al.Al-Worafi Y, et al.Drug safety in LebanonDrug safety in developing countries: achievements and challenges2020AmsterdamElsevier

 Google Scholar

Hajj A, et al.Medication safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among community pharmacists in LebanonCurr Med Res Opin2018341149156 https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2017.1361916

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hajj A et al. Prescription and dispensing guidelines in Lebanon: initiative of the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2020; 13(70).

 Google Scholar

Mouhtadi BB, et al.Physician-community pharmacist collaborative care in diabetes management: a pilot studyJ Drug Assess2018716165 https://doi.org/10.1080/21556660.2018.1535437

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Iskandar K, et al.Community pharmacy in Lebanon: a societal perspectivePharm Pract (Granada)2017152893 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.02.893

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Tawil S, et al.Patients’ perceptions regarding pharmacists’ healthcare services: the case of LebanonJ Pharm Pract Res2020502137143 https://doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1615

 Google Scholar

Hallit S, Selwan CA, Salameh PPrimary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in LebanonPharm Pract (Granada)20201822003 https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.2.2003

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Soubra R, et al.Health seeking behaviour among Lebanese population: a highlight on seeking care from pharmacistsEur J Gen Pract20212715159 https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2021.1917541

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S, et al.Emphasizing the role of pharmacist as a researcher: the Lebanese order of pharmacists' perspectiveJ Res Pharm Pract201984229230 https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_7

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hallit S, Sacre H, Salameh PRole of a professional organization in promoting and conducting research: the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists' experienceInt J Pharm Pract2019273330331 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12517

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.