Expanding access to high-cost medicines under the Universal Health Coverage scheme in Thailand: review of current practices and recommendations

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Methods summary. HTA Health Technology Assessment. *HTA agencies and Universities from select countries: Singapore: Agency for Care Effectiveness (ACE); Canada: Drug and Health Technology Agency (CADTH); England: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and University of York; Malaysia: Malaysian Health and Technology Assessment (MaHTAS); Republic of Korea: National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA); Australia: Royal Adelaide Hospital **Australia, Republic of Korea, and England

Table 1 Criteria for high-cost medicines in select three countries

Table 2 Process for listing high-cost medicines in Australia, England, and South Korea

Table 3 Summary of types of MEAs implemented in select countries

Table 4 Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 5 medicines from NLEM compare with budget and QALYs loss

Fig. 2 Proposed framework for reimbursing high-cost medicines in Thailand. E2, medicines that are of high cost but are important for groups of patients; E3, proposed category to reimburse life-saving high-cost medicines with no alternative treatment; HTA, Health Technology Assessment; MEA, Managed Entry Access

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.