The epidemiology of drug-induced disorders: the kidney

Abstract

The epidemiology of drug-induced renal disorders is a complex topic. Drug-associated nephrotoxicity accounts for 18 – 27% of all acute kidney injury cases in US hospitals. Medications can affect all aspects of the kidney, and drugs that are associated with renal dysfunction are used commonly in clinical practice. The article reviews six major mechanisms of drug-induced renal dysfunction as well as lists the major medications involved. NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B and calcineurin inhibitors are just some examples of drugs that contribute to renal dysfunction. The medical community must be aware of patient risk factors for nephrotoxicity, as well as the drug's inherent nephrotoxic potential, when prescribing and administering medications.

Keywords::

• acute interstitial nephritis
• acute tubular necrosis
• aminoglycosides
• amphotericin B
• ciclosporin
• NSAIDs
• obstructive nephropathy
• radiocontrast dye