Status of Resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Their Habitat Twenty-Five Years after Riparian Logging

Abstract

In 1973 two sections of a small headwater stream containing allopatric nonanadromous coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki were subjected to two types of streamside logging: (1) clear-cut to the streambank with all existing wood and logging debris left in the channel and on adjacent hill slopes (section B; 4.2% gradient), and (2) clear-cut to the streambank with all logging debris and existing instream wood removed from the channel and adjacent hill slopes (section A; 0.8% gradient; termed scarified). A third upstream reference section was undisturbed (section C; 4.8% gradient). The hill slopes of both treatment sections were burned in 1974. Instream habitat (large woody debris and pool percentage), water temperature, and fish populations were assessed intermittently during the following 25 years. Instream habitat, water temperature, and trout density in section B were in all years similar to the upstream reference section, C. In section A, summer maximum stream temperatures reached 30°C immediately after logging but had moderated by 1975 and were similar to the reference section by 1983; the proportion of wetted area that was in pools was 14% in 1975, 33% in 1985, and 49% in 1997; trout density was low (0.05 fish/m²) after logging but had returned to the reference level (0.21 fish/m²) by 1983 and was double (0.49 fish/m²) the reference level in 1997. The recent increase in fish density in section A may have been influenced by instream habitat enhancement and riparian thinning conducted in 1985. Trout density in section A is presently similar to that found in a nearby low-gradient stream with an undisturbed riparian zone. Our results suggest that large pieces of wood that are left in and over small streams after logging, although a contravention of current logging regulations in British Columbia, may help protect resident trout populations following riparian logging.