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Abstract
In recent years, even with remarkable scientific advancements and a significant increase of global research and development spending, drugs are frequently withdrawn from markets. This is primarily due to their side effects or toxicities. Drug molecules often interact with multiple targets, coined as polypharmacology, and the unintended drug–target interactions could cause side effects. Polypharmacology remains one of the major challenges in drug development, and it opens novel avenues to rationally design the next generation of more effective, but less toxic, therapeutic agents. This review outlines the latest progress and challenges in polypharmacology studies.
Acknowledgements
The authors specially thank John Morrow for proofreading the manuscript.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was partially supported by the University Cancer Foundation via the Institutional Research Grant program, NCI SPORE P50CA140388 and 5P50CA127001 and NIH 5R01CA138702-03. The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.