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Expert Review of Ophthalmology Volume 5, 2010 - Issue 3
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Editorial

Inflammatory reactions after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide: possible mechanisms and therapeutic options

Daniel Roth Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. [email protected]
,
Susan S Lee Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Harry W Flynn University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
&
Darius M Moshfeghi Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Pages 273-276 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Activated macrophages (arrow) exposed in vitro to Kenalog® were unable to digest and eliminate triamcinolone acetonide crystals.

The macrophages expanded in size, rupturing and releasing proinflammatory cytokines.

Reprinted with permission from Jeffrey Edelman (Allergan Inc., CA, USA).

Figure 1. Activated macrophages (arrow) exposed in vitro to Kenalog® were unable to digest and eliminate triamcinolone acetonide crystals.The macrophages expanded in size, rupturing and releasing proinflammatory cytokines.Reprinted with permission from Jeffrey Edelman (Allergan Inc., CA, USA).
Figure 2. Clinical histological evidence of inflammation due to the inability of macrophages to digest triamcinolone acetonide crystals.

Seen in an aqueous humor aspirate of a patient with noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, showing neutrophil infiltration and a fibrinous reaction, suggesting presence of phagocytic cells in the vitreous.

Reprinted with permission from Chi Chao Chan, MD (National Eye Institute, MD, USA).

Figure 2. Clinical histological evidence of inflammation due to the inability of macrophages to digest triamcinolone acetonide crystals.Seen in an aqueous humor aspirate of a patient with noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, showing neutrophil infiltration and a fibrinous reaction, suggesting presence of phagocytic cells in the vitreous.Reprinted with permission from Chi Chao Chan, MD (National Eye Institute, MD, USA).

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