Effects of race on albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease

Abstract

The literature describing the relationship between urinary protein excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease and renal disease is rapidly proliferating. Several studies have demonstrated racial differences in the relationship between albuminuria and associated disorders. The purpose of this article is to summarize the effects of race on the relationship between albuminuria and renal and cardiovascular disease risk, propose explanatory hypotheses, and suggest directions for future investigation.

Keywords::

• albuminuria
• apolipoprotein L1
• APOL1
• cardiovascular disease
• kidney disease
• proteinuria
• race

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The following grants were provided by the NIH (NIDDK) to Barry I Freedman: RO1 DK070941 and R01 DK071891. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.