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Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of infection across the world. The emergence of multi-, extensively- and totally drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contributes to the lack of therapeutic options available. The mechanisms associated with this resistance could involve mutations in genes coding for target proteins, decreased permeability, increased efflux and so on. Resistance mediated by efflux systems has become more relevant, since these systems help the bacteria to extrude antibiotics until relevant mutations emerge and become established in the population. Therefore, compounds that inhibit these transport systems are of major importance and have been studied in the last few years. Not only do these compounds act on the bacterial efflux systems but they have also been explored for their dual role as boosters of the macrophage-infected cells. The search for novel compounds or combinations of adjuvant compounds and antibiotics to treat mycobacterial multidrug-resistant infections has become a major goal in the treatment of these diseases.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was supported by grants EU-FSE/FEDER-PTDC/BIA-MIC/105509/2008, EU-FSE/FEDER-PTDC/SAU-FCF/102807/2008 and FSE/FEDER-PTDC/BIA-MIC/121859/2010 provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) of Portugal. D Machado and M Martins were supported by grants SFRH/BD/65060/2009 and SFRH/BPD/63871/2009, respectively (FCT, Portugal). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.