Figures & data
(A) Multi-focal segmental vasoconstrictions and (B) their normalization in a patient with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (vasoconstrictions are indicated by black arrows).
![Figure 1. Characteristic angiographic findings of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.(A) Multi-focal segmental vasoconstrictions and (B) their normalization in a patient with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (vasoconstrictions are indicated by black arrows).](/cms/asset/9e1541e7-7ebd-44a2-867c-606af2c918b5/iern_a_11212804_f0001_b.jpg)
(A) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (B) cerebral infarction; (C) intracerebral hemorrhage.
![Figure 2. Complications of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.(A) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (B) cerebral infarction; (C) intracerebral hemorrhage.](/cms/asset/4d695b13-786c-427f-a600-96032675fa79/iern_a_11212804_f0002_b.jpg)
cSAH: Cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; PRES: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; TCH: Thunderclap headache.
![Figure 3. Proposed pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.cSAH: Cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; PRES: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; TCH: Thunderclap headache.](/cms/asset/becdba09-cb6e-4016-9f64-b47cf9279063/iern_a_11212804_f0003_b.jpg)
CCB: Calcium-channel blockers; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computed tomography; ia.: Intra-arterial; iv.: Intravenous; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; MRV: Magnetic resonance venography; RCVS: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; TCCS: Transcranial color-coded sonography; TCH: Thunderclap headache.
![Figure 4. Algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of thunderclap headache.CCB: Calcium-channel blockers; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computed tomography; ia.: Intra-arterial; iv.: Intravenous; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; MRV: Magnetic resonance venography; RCVS: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; TCCS: Transcranial color-coded sonography; TCH: Thunderclap headache.](/cms/asset/841d89b7-8c3d-4cb4-8385-55fc9b7c3132/iern_a_11212804_f0004_b.jpg)