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Theme: Migraine & headache - Review

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: current and future perspectives

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Pages 1265-1276 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Characteristic angiographic findings of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.

(A) Multi-focal segmental vasoconstrictions and (B) their normalization in a patient with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (vasoconstrictions are indicated by black arrows).

Figure 1. Characteristic angiographic findings of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.(A) Multi-focal segmental vasoconstrictions and (B) their normalization in a patient with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (vasoconstrictions are indicated by black arrows).
Figure 2. Complications of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.

(A) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (B) cerebral infarction; (C) intracerebral hemorrhage.

Figure 2. Complications of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.(A) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (B) cerebral infarction; (C) intracerebral hemorrhage.
Figure 3. Proposed pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.

cSAH: Cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; PRES: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; TCH: Thunderclap headache.

Figure 3. Proposed pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.cSAH: Cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; PRES: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; TCH: Thunderclap headache.
Figure 4. Algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of thunderclap headache.

CCB: Calcium-channel blockers; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computed tomography; ia.: Intra-arterial; iv.: Intravenous; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; MRV: Magnetic resonance venography; RCVS: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; TCCS: Transcranial color-coded sonography; TCH: Thunderclap headache.

Figure 4. Algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of thunderclap headache.CCB: Calcium-channel blockers; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computed tomography; ia.: Intra-arterial; iv.: Intravenous; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; MRV: Magnetic resonance venography; RCVS: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; TCCS: Transcranial color-coded sonography; TCH: Thunderclap headache.

Table 1. Possible etiologies and associated conditions of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.

Activity Evaluation: Where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree

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