Antimicrobial Resistance in the farm-to-plate Continuum: More Than a Food Safety Issue

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chart of 17 Icons of UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Figure 2. Multidimensional repercussions of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the farm-to-plate continuum.

Table 1. Summary of implications of antimicrobial resistance in the farm-to-plate continuum.

Implications of AMR	Direct impacts	Indirect impacts	SDGs affected
Food security	Unsafe food Increased hunger and malnourishment	Increased morbidity and mortality Increased poverty	SDG ^† 1, 2, 3 and 12
Animal health and welfare	Therapeutic failure Increased animal morbidity and mortality Threat to animal well-being	Increased cost of food production Increased hunger Endangered human health	SDG 1, 2, 3 and 12
Public health	Intestinal and extra-intestinal foodborne illness	Endangered IPC ^‡ /ASP ^§ Increased cost of hospitalization and medication	SDG 1 and 3
Environmental health	Environmental pollution Unsafe water Change of environmental microbiome	Increased hunger Threatened sustainable consumption and production Endangered sustainability of Earth’s finite resource Endangered human and animal health	SDG 2, 3, 6, 12, 15
Climate change	Increased GHG emissions Deterioration of natural resources	Endangered public health, food security and climate change actions	SDG 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 15
Socioeconomic development	Increased poverty Drain on national economy	Increased hunger Threatened education and well-being Endangered policies and actions on sustainability	SDG 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12

† Sustainable development goals.

‡ Infection, prevention and control.

§ Antimicrobial stewardship programs.

AMR: Antimicrobial resistance; GHG: Greenhouse gas.