Clinical Versus Radiographical Factors Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis in high-risk Patients: Sizes Matter

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characters of patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) categorized by diagnosis of HCC.

Factors	HCC (n = 219)	Non-HCC (n = 41)	p-value
Age, years	59 (54–64)	57 (52–61)	0.143
Male sex, n (%)	181 (82.60)	30 (73.20)	0.154
Etiology			0.686
HBV	83 (37.90)	15 (36.60)
HCV	94 (42.90)	20 (48.00)
HBV plus HCV	4 (1.80)	2 (4.90)
NAFLD	13 (5.90)	1 (2.40)
ALD	24 (11.00)	3 (7.30)
AIH	1 (0.50)	0
Co-morbid diseases			0.471
None	164 (74.90)	29 (70.70)
Diabetes	29 (13.20)	9 (22.00)
Hypertension	10 (4.60)	2 (4.90)
Cirrhosis	217 (99.09)	39 (95.12)	0.036
Child-Pugh score A	174 (79.50)	37 (90.20)
Child-Pugh score B	34 (15.50)	2 (4.90)
Child-Pugh score C	9 (4.10)	0

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis.

Table 2. Laboratory results of patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) categorized by diagnosis of HCC.

Factors	HCC (n = 219)	Non-HCC (n = 41)	p-value
Platelet x 10^3/mm^3	149 (101–224)	130 (110–192)	0.388
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.94 (0.79–1.16)	0.92 (0.81–1.10)	0.695
Prothrombin time (s)	12.50 (11.60–13.50)	11.70 (11.00–12.50)	<0.001
Albumin (g/dl)	3.80 (3.30–4.30)	4.40 (3.70–4.70)	<0.001
Bilirubin (mg/dl)	1 (0.70–1.80)	0.70 (0.60–1.00)	0.003
Alanine aminotransferase (U/l)	55 (31–88)	32 (21–72)	0.005
Aspartate transaminase (U/l)	82 (45–145)	42 (23–67)	<0.001
Alpha-fetoprotein (IU/ml)	118.60 (10.20–3326.60)	4.1 (1.90–14.60)	<0.001
Radiographic findings
Number of liver nodules, n (%)			0.012
1	129 (58.90)	27 (65.90)
2	44 (20.10)	2 (4.90)
3	7 (3.20)	5 (12.20)
≥4	39 (17.80)	7 (17.10)
Largest size, n (%)			<0.001
≤3 cm	83 (37.90)	39 (95.10)
>3 cm	136 (62.10)	2 (4.90)
Portal vein invasion, n (%)			<0.001
No invasion	140 (63.93)	41 (100)
Main portal vein invasion	56 (25.57)	0
Nonmain portal vein invasion	23 (10.50)	0

Data presented as median (range) unless indicated otherwise.

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure 1. Study flow chart of patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and numbers of patients with portal vein invasion and size of over 3 cm.

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PVI: Portal vein invasion.

Table 3. Factors predictive of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Factors	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Age	1.03 (0.99, 1.08)	1.05 (0.99, 1.01)
Sex	1.74 (0.80, 3.78)	1.65 (0.51, 5.31)
HBV or HCV infection	0.51 (0.17, 1.53)	0.72 (0.17, 3.04)
Child–Pugh score	1.25 (0.65, 2.37)	2.22 (0.30, 16.49)
Prothrombin time	1.62 (1.20, 2.18)	1.38 (0.86, 2.23)
Albumin	0.32 (0.18, 0.58)	0.92 (0.35, 2.40)
Bilirubin	1.97 (1.14, 3.39)	1.23 (0.76, 1.99)
ALT	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	1.00 (0.98, 1.01)
AST	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.99 (0.99, 1.01)
AFP	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)
Number of mass	0.99 (0.74, 1.33)	0.78 (0.51, 1.18)
Largest mass size, cm	3.84 (2.23, 6.59)	3.37 (1.89, 6.02)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.

Figure 2. A receiver-operating characteristic curve of largest mass size for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.