Hospitalization Requiring Intensive Care Unit Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Correlated With IgM Depression and IgG Elevation

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of study sample (n = 113).

Characteristic	Observations, n (%)		p-value ^†
	ICU patients (n = 55)	Wards patients (n = 58)
Age, years (M, SD)	63.29 (13.62)	59.21 (19.12)	0.153
Sex
Male	18 (32.7)	30 (51.7)	0.136
Female	37 (67.3)	28 (48.3)
Race and ethnicity
White	7 (12.7)	11 (19.0)	0.508
Black	1 (1.8)	2 (3.4)
Asian	4 (7.3)	4 (6.9)
Hispanic	33 (60.0)	37 (63.8)
Other	1 (1.8)	0 (0)
Unknown	9 (16.4)	4 (6.9)
BMI (M, SD)	34.50 (11.45)	30.42 (6.30)	0.181
Length of stay, days (M, SD)	28.40 (18.14)	8.98 (5.72)	<0.0001
ICU length of stay, days (M, SD)	20.93 (15.29)	0 (0)	<0.0001
From symptom to labs, days (M, SD)	8.78 (1.83)	8.88 (2.19)	0.963

† p-value significance is set at 0.05. p-values from Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables.

ICU: Intensive care unit; M: Mean; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2. Health characteristics of study sample (n = 113).

Characteristic	Observations, n (%)		p-value ^†
	ICU patients (n = 55)	Wards patients (n = 58)
Hypertension	37 (67.3)	31 (53.4)	0.155
Diabetes mellitus	35 (63.6)	26 (44.8)	0.062
Nonhematologic cancer, on chemotherapy	0 (0)	1 (1.7)	>0.999
Nonhematologic cancer, not on chemotherapy	0 (0)	1 (1.7)	>0.999
Hematologic cancer, on chemotherapy	0 (0)	1 (1.7)	>0.999
Hematologic cancer, not on chemotherapy	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Use of anti-hypertensive medications
Calcium channel blocker	13 (23.6)	9 (15.5)	0.312
Beta blocker	14 (25.5)	13 (22.4)	0.739
ACE-inhibitor use	25 (45.5)	17 (29.3)	0.065
Diuretic	14 (25.5)	7 (12.1)	0.081
Central agonist	1 (1.8)	0 (0)	0.955
Vasodilator	3 (5.5)	1 (1.7)	0.533
Use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs	2 (3.6)	0 (0)	0.213
Current smoker	4 (7.3)	7 (12.1)	0.131
Pregnant	0 (0)	2 (3.4)	0.499
Mortality	22 (40.0)	4 (6.9)	<0.0001

† p-value significance is set at 0.05. p-values from Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables.

ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ICU: Intensive care unit; M: Mean; SD: Standard deviation.

Figure 1. Immunoglobulin M and G in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

(A) Antibody response to five SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in ICU patients versus general medical ward patients was assessed in GRUs for IgM and IgG. (B) Antibody response at a median of 8 days after symptom onset. Patients requiring ICU admission had lower levels of IgM against the nucleocapsid protein (CoV2NC.IgM) and higher levels of IgG against three out of four S protein domains (CoV2S1.IgG, CoV2S1S2.IgG, CoV2S2.IgG) compared with those who were managed on general medical floors (ward group).

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

GRUs: Genalyte response units; ICU: Intensive care unit; Ig: Immunoglobulin.

Figure 2. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G levels correlated with hospital length of stay.

Correlation between antibody response was measured in GRUs to five SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and length of stay in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. IgM (top) and IgG (bottom) to five SARS-CoV-2 epitopes were measured. IgM was not significantly correlated with length of stay. IgG response to the nucleocapsid (CoV2NC.IgG) and all four S protein domains (CoV2S1.IgG, CoV2S1RBD.IgG, CoV2S1S2.IgG, CoV2S2.IgG) was positively correlated to length of stay.

GRUs: Genalyte response units; Ig: Immunoglobulin.