Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence through a community-based screening initiative in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Figure 1. The study sample selection procures and study procedures.

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the studied population.

Variables	Level	Frequency	%
Sex	Female	174	52.4
	Male	158	47.6
Age (years)	^18-20	13	3.9
	^20-30	47	14.2
	^30-40	53	16.0
	^40-50	69	20.8
	>50	150	45.2
Nationality	Non-Saudi	34	10.2
	Saudi	298	89.8
Hypertension	No	269	81.0
	Yes	63	19.0
Bronchial asthma	No	329	99.1
	Yes	3	0.9

Table 2. Shows the body measures and blood pressure of the population studied.

Measurement	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard deviation
Body mass index	9.5	28.3	28.3	6.5
Waist circumference (cm)	27.0	146.0	86.9	12.0
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.0	236.0	132.3	21.8
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	50.0	125.0	75.5	11.5
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	61.0	455.0	126.3	53.0

Figure 2. The distribution of the studied sample based on their BMI, the mean score of the QOL domains.

Table 3. Correlation between fasting blood sugar and different studied variables.

Variables		FBS	SBP	DBP	Height	Weight	WC	BMI
FBS	r	1	.215^†	0.05	-0.006	.205^†	0.072	.197^†
	p		0.0001	0.3690	0.9100	0.0001	0.1910	0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)	r		1	.499^†	-0.006	.266^†	0.09	.298^†
	p			0.0001	0.9090	0.0001	0.1050	0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (DPB)	r			1	0.081	.185^†	-0.006	.161^†
	p				0.142	0.001	0.912	0.003
Height	r				1	.345^†	0.079	-.239^†
	p					0.0001	0.148	0.0001
Weight	r					1	.284^†	.789^†
	p						0.0001	0.0001
Waist circumference	r						1	.241^†
	p							0.0001

DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; p: Significance; r: Correlation coefficient; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; WC: Waist circumference.

† Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Figure 3. Glycemic status of the screened population based on fasting blood glucose.

Table 4. Factors associated with incidence of undiagnosed diabetes.

Studied variables	Variable	Total		Diabetes				p-value
		N	%	Non diabetic (n,%)		Diabetic (n, %)
Gender	Female	174	52.40%	110	63.22%	64	36.78%	0.800
	Male	158	47.60%	102	64.56%	56	35.44%
Nationality	Non-Saudi	34	10.20%	23	67.65%	11	32.35%	0.627
	Saudi	298	89.80%	189	63.42%	109	36.58%
Age (in years)	^15-20	13	3.90%	12	92.31%	1	7.69%	<0.001
	^20-30	47	14.20%	44	93.62%	3	6.38%
	^30-40	53	16.00%	42	79.25%	11	20.75%
	^40-50	69	20.80%	46	66.67%	23	33.33%
	>50	150	45.20%	68	45.33%	82	54.67%
Bronchial asthma	No	329	99.10%	211	64.13%	118	35.87%	0.269
	Yes	3	0.90%	1	33.33%	2	66.67%

Figure 4. Association between obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Table 5. Different measures across diabetic and non-diabetic participants

Group Statistics	Diabetic		Non-diabetic		t	df	p-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Systolic blood pressure	140.13	22.02	127.84	20.41	5.10	326	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure	78.13	11.66	74.00	11.15	3.13	236.58	0.002
Waist circumference	87.54	13.26	86.52	11.27	0.74	330	0.458
Body mass index	29.62	6.52	27.49	6.40	2.90	330	0.004

df: Degree of freedom; SD: Standard deviation; t: T statistics.

Table 6. Binary logistic regression of variables associated with diabetes.

Studied variables	S.E.	Wald	p-value	OR	95% CI
					Lower	Upper
Constant	1.94	1.96	0.161	15.226
Hypertension	0.36	25.44	0.0001	0.16	0.08	0.33
Waist circumference	0.01	0.01	0.913	1.00	0.98	1.02
Age category		16.11	0.003
15–20 years	0.33	1.81	0.179	1.56	0.82	3.00
20–30 years	1.09	1.75	0.187	0.24	0.03	2.00
30–40 years	0.69	6.51	0.011	0.17	0.05	0.67
40–50 years	0.44	1.11	0.292	0.63	0.26	1.49
Bronchial asthma	1.48	2.04	0.153	0.12	0.01	2.19
Body mass index		2.93	0.570
Normal	0.65	0.00	0.956	0.97	0.27	3.43
Overweight	0.62	0.14	0.705	1.27	0.37	4.31
Obesity, Class I	0.64	0.72	0.397	1.71	0.49	5.94
Obesity, Class II	0.78	0.04	0.833	0.85	0.19	3.90

Bold p-values less than 0.05 are significant.

OR: Odds ratio.