Assessment of lifestyle changes in combating the COVID-19 pandemic among people of Karachi, Pakistan

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of our study participants.

Variable	n (%)
Age (years)
18–26	180 (82.6%)
27–36	10 (4.6%)
37–46	13 (6%)
47–60	15 (6.9%)
Gender
Male	37 (17%)
Female	181 (83%)
Education
Primary	6 (2.8%)
Matriculation	9 (4.1%)
Intermediate	18 (8.3%)
Undergraduate	139 (63.8%)
Graduate	28 (12.8%)
Post-graduate	11 (5%)
Not formally educated	7 (3.2%)
Current status
Student	159 (72.9%)
Homemaker	28 (12.8%)
Unemployed	9 (4.1%)
Self-employed	15 (6.9%)
Private sector employee	6 (2.8%)
Government sector employee	1 (0.5%)

Table 2. Self-reported lifestyle changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variables	Before COVID-19 lockdown n (%)	During COVID-19 lockdown n (%)	p-value
Preferred diet			0.000
Healthy diet	56 (25.6%)	105 (48.1%)
Fast food	10 (4.5%)	8 (3.6%)
Both	152 (69.7%)	105 (48.1%)
Sleep (h)			0.000
2–4	68 (31.1%)	6 (2.7%)
4–6	28 (12.8%)	25 (11.4%)
6–8	121 (55.5%)	79 (36.2%)
8–10	53 (24.3%)	84 (38.5%)
More than 10	8 (3.6%)	24 (11%)
Physical activity			0.000
Mildly active	42 (19.2%)	96 (44%)
Moderately active	117 (53.6%)	95 (43.5%)
Highly active	59 (27%)	27 (12.3%)
Workout			0.000
Yes	54 (24.7%)	36 (16.5%)
No	111 (50.9%)	126 (57.7%)
Sometimes	53 (24.3%)	56 (25.6%)
Smoking			0.000
No	210 (96.3%)	206 (94.4%)
Rarely	0 (0%)	3 (1.3%)
Sometimes	5 (2.2%)	4 (1.8%)
Regularly	3 (1.3%)	5 (2.2%)
Preferred food groups			0.845
Dairy and meat	142 (65.1%)	172 (78.8%)
Fruits	156 (71.5%)	171 (78.4%)
Vegetables	174 (79.8%)	174 (79.8%)
Grains and rice	178 (81.6%)	171 (78.4%)
Beans and pulses	149 (68.3%)	141 (64.6%)
Additional supplements			0.000
Warm water and drinks	49 (22.4%)	57 (26.1%)
Vitamin supplements	45 (20.6%)	43 (19.7%)
Calcium supplements	30 (13.7%)	34 (15.5%)
Iron and zinc supplements	16 (7.33%)	19 (8.71%)

Figure 1. COVID-19 protocols during the lockdown.