Psychosocial assessments for young people: a systematic review examining acceptability, disclosure and engagement, and predictive utility

Figures & data

Figure 1 Prisma flow diagram.

Table 1 Instrument summary

Measure	Reference(s)	Domains	Context/location instrument tested	No. of items	Age	Modality	Administration time
Adolescent health review (AHR)	Beebe et al,^Citation27 Harrison et al^Citation42,Citation43	Lack of exercise, poor nutrition, unhealthy weight control, family interaction problems, problems at school, emotional distress, suicidal behavior, violent behavior, sexual activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, substance abuse/dependence, physical or sexual abuse	Multiple	30	12+	Self-Administered (computer)	3–5 mins
Adolescent psychopathology scale	Konold,^Citation44 Piersel^Citation45	Clinical disorders, personality disorders, psychosocial problems, response style indicators	–	346	12–19	Self-Administered (pen and paper and computer scoring)	45–60 mins
Adquest	Elliott et al,^Citation29 Giannone et al,^Citation46 Peake et al^Citation33	Education/work, safety, health, sexuality, substance use/abuse, personal life/family life, other	Youth specific mental health service	80	10–21	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	20 mins
Behavior assessment system for children, second edition (BASC-2)	Gladman and Lancaster,^Citation47 Merenda,^Citation48 Tan^Citation49	Anxiety, attention problems, attitude to school, attitude to teachers, atypicality, depression, hyperactivity, interpersonal relations, locus of Control, relations with parents, self-esteem, self-reliance, sensation seeking, sense of inadequacy,social stress, somatization	Multiple	176 185	12–21 18–25	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	30 mins
Brief life history inventory (BLHI)	Mattei et al^Citation50	General information, present problems, history, family life, education, miscellaneous	Multiple	72	12–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper) Semi-structured interview	30–40 mins
Child behavior checklist–Youth self-report (CBCL-YSR)	Achenbach and Ruffle^Citation51	Anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior	–	112	11–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper and computer)	10 mins
Child health questionnaire–Child completed form (CHQ-CF87)	Houghton et al,^Citation52 Landgraf and Abetz,^Citation53 Raat et al,^Citation28 Waters et al^Citation54,Citation55	Physical functioning, role/social-physical, general health perceptions, bodily pain, role/social emotional, role/social behavior, self-esteem, mental health, family activities, family cohesion	Multiple	87	5–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	16–25 mins
Comprehensive quality of life scale–School version (ComQol-S5)	Cummins et al,^Citation56 Gullone and Cummins^Citation57	Material well-being, health, productivity, intimacy, safety, place in community, emotional well-being	School	44	12–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	15–20 mins
Guidelines for adolescent preventive services (GAPS)	Epner et al,^Citation30 Gadomski et al,^Citation58 Klein et al^Citation31	Medical history, family information, specific health issues, eating/weight/body, school, friends and family, weapons/violence, tobacco, drugs, development/relationships, emotions, special circumstances, self	General practice	72 61	11–15 16–21	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	15 mins
HEADSSS	Carr–Cregg and Manocha,^Citation59 Cohen et al,^Citation60 Goldenring and Cohen,^Citation5 Goldenring and Rosen,^Citation61 Jones et al,^Citation62 Parker et al,^Citation32 Sanci et al,^Citation63 Van Amstel et al,^Citation34 Yeo et al^Citation36	Home and environment, education and employment, activities, drugs and alcohol, relationships and sexuality, suicide and depression, safety/conduct difficulties and risk taking, anxiety and eating, psychosis and mania	Multiple	–	12–25	Interview	3–90 mins
Health and daily living form, second edition (HDL-2)	Haynes,^Citation64 Kagee^Citation65	Individual functioning, stressful life circumstances, social network resources, help-seeking responses	–	–	12–18 18+	Self-Administered (pen and paper) interview	30–45 mins
Hilson adolescent profile (HAP)	Calkins and Walker,^Citation66 Hess^Citation67	Guardedness, alcohol, drugs, educational adjustment difficulties, law/society violations, frustration tolerance, antisocial/risk-taking attitudes, rigidity/obsessiveness, interpersonal/assertiveness difficulties, home life conflicts, social/sexual adjustment, health concerns, anxiety/phobic avoidance, depression/suicide potential, suspicious temperament, unusual responses	Multiple	310	10+	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	45 mins
Instrument for monitoring adolescent health issues	Stanton et al^Citation68	Tobacco use, alcohol use, other substance use, sun exposure, leisure, dietary habits, exercise and illness, sexual health, mental health, violence, safety, injury	Community	–	12–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	35 mins
Juvenile wellness and health survey (JWHS-76)	Steiner et al^Citation69	General risk taking behavior, mental health problems, sex related risk, eating and dietary problems, general health problems	School	76	10–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	50 mins
Kidscreen	Rajmil et al,^Citation70 Ravens-Sieberer et al^Citation71	Physical well-being, psychological well-being, moods and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, parent relation and home life, financial resources, peers and social support, school environment, bullying	Community	52	8–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper and computer) Interviews (over the phone or face-to-face)	15–20 mins
Life experiences questionnaire (LEQ)	Newcomb et al^Citation72	Family/parents, accident/illness, sexuality, autonomy, deviance, relocation, distress	School	39	16–18	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	15–20 mins
Life stressors and social resources inventory-youth form (LISRES-Y)	Crehan,^Citation73 Daniels and Moos,^Citation74 Oosterhof^Citation75	Physical health, school, home and money, parents, siblings, extended family, boyfriend/girlfriend, friends, social activities	Multiple	–	12–18 18+	Self-Administered (pen and paper) structured interview	30–90 mins
Mile square questionnaire (MSQ)	Silber and Rosenthal^Citation25	Personal/family, school/work/friends, body/weight, somatic concerns/cancer, sexuality/birth control, drinking/drugs	ED/Hospital	20	10–25 years	Self-Administered (pen and paper)	5–30 mins
Multidimensional adolescent assessment scale (MAAS)	Mathiesen et al^Citation76	Depression, self-esteem, mother problems, father problems, personal stress, friend problems, school problems, aggression, family problems, suicide, guilt, confused thinking, disturbing thoughts, memory loss, alcohol abuse, drug abuse	Community	177	10–21 years	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	30–45 mins
Offer self-image questionnaire, revised (OSIQ)	Allen,^Citation77 Furlong and Karno,^Citation78 Jacob^Citation37	Impulse control, family functioning, emotional tone, self-confidence, body image, vocational attitudes, social functioning, ethical values, self-reliance, mental health, sexuality, idealism	Community	–	13–18	Self-Administered (Pen and paper or micro-computer disk)	30 mins
Personal inventory	Grossman,^Citation79 Ireton,^Citation80 Randall^Citation81	Well-Being, life concerns, emotional-mental status, life stress, personality, life satisfaction/desire for change	General practice	37	16+	Self-Administered (Pen and paper) Structured/semi-structured interview	10–15 mins
Personal problems checklist for adolescents (PPCA)	Martens,^Citation82 McCarthy,^Citation83 Santmire^Citation84	Social and friends, appearance, attitudes and opinions, parents, family and Home, school, money, religion, emotions, dating and sex, health and habits, job, crises	Multiple	240	5–12 13–17 18+	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	10–20 mins
Personality inventory for youth (PIY)	Lachar and Gruber,^Citation85 Marchant and Ridenour,^Citation86 Wrobel et al^Citation87	Cognitive impairment, impulsivity/distractibility, delinquency, family dysfunction, reality distortion, somatic concern, psychological discomfort, social withdrawal, social skill deficits	Multiple	270	9–19	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	45 mins
Psychological/social history report	Mattei et al^Citation88	Presenting problem, family history, developmental history, education, financial status, employment history, medical history, marital/family status, diet/exercise, psychological/life stressors, religion, alcohol and drug history	Multiple	–	17+	Self-Administered (Computer)	30–45 mins
Quality of life profile –adolescent version (QLP-A)	Bradford,^Citation89 Raphael et al^Citation90	Physical being, psychological being, spiritual being, physical belonging, social belonging, community belonging, practical becoming, leisure becoming, growth becoming	School	54	14–20 years	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	40 mins
Quickview social history (Quickview)	Dixon,^Citation91 Starr^Citation92	Developmental history, family of origin, educational history, marital history, legal history, military history, symptom screen (Psychological and physical)	Multiple	235	16+	Self-Administered (Pen and paper or computer)	30–45 mins
Rapid assessment for adolescent preventative services (RAAPS)	Salerno et al,^Citation93 Yi et al^Citation35	Eating/weight, physical activity, unintentional injury/violence, substance use, sexual health, depression/self-harm, adult support	Multiple	21	11–14 15–20	Self-Administered (Pen and paper, and online)	5–10 mins
Self-description questionnaire 2 (SDQ-2)	Atlas,^Citation94 Boyle,^Citation95 Gable,^Citation96 Isonio,^Citation97 Lennings and Lawler,^Citation98 Marsh et al^Citation99	Physical abilities, physical appearance, reading, mathematics, peer relations, parent relations, general-self, general-school	Multiple	102	13–17	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	20–25 mins
Structured pediatric psychosocial interview (SPPI)	Piersel,^Citation100 Webb et al,^Citation101 Weinberg^Citation102	Fretfulness, impetuosity, adherence, emulation, doubtfulness, obdurateness, composure, unhappiness, resentfulness	Multiple	–	5–19	Structured interview	20 mins
The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)	Goodman et al,^Citation103 Mellor,^Citation104 Percy et al,^Citation105 Ruchkin et al,^Citation106 Truman et al^Citation26	Conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior	Multiple	25	11–16	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	5 mins
Youth risk and resilience inventory (YRRI)	Cosden,^Citation107 Konald^Citation108	School, home, community	Multiple	54	10–17	Self-Administered (Pen and paper)	10–15 mins

Table 2 Instrument psychometric properties.

Measure	Construct	Content	Criterion	Cronbach’s alpha range	Test-retest range	Test-retest time frame
AHR	Unclear	Yes	Yes	–	–	–
Adolescent psychopathology scale	Yes	Yes	Unclear	> 0.80	–	–
Adquest	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
BASC-2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Upper 0.60’s-Upper 0.80’s	Upper 0.70’s-Lower 0.90’s	8–65 days
BLHI	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	–	–	–
CBCL-YSR	Unclear	Yes	Yes	–	–	–
CHQ-CF87	Yes	Yes	Yes	0.69–0.92	–	–
ComQol-S5	Yes	Yes	Unclear	0.75–0.83	0.40–0.88	1 week
GAPS	Yes	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
HEADSSS	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
HDL-2	Yes	Yes	Unclear	0.77–0.92	–	–
HAP	Unclear	Yes	Yes	0.67–0.90	0.74–0.95	2–4 week
Instrument for monitoring adolescent health issues	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	0.21–0.99	2 weeks
JWHS-76	Yes	Yes	Unclear	0.56–0.81	–	–
Kidscreen	Yes	Yes	Yes	0.77–0.89	0.56–0.77	2 weeks
LEQ	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	0.94–0.98	–	–
LISRES-Y	Unclear	Yes	Yes	0.68–0.93	0.13–0.60	12–15 months
MSQ	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
MAAS	Yes	Yes	Unclear	0.74–0.97	–	–
OSIQ	Unclear	Yes	Yes	0.45–0.90	0.63	2 years
Personal inventory	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	0.42–0.82	0.20–0.56	2 month
PPCA	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
PIY	Yes	Yes	Yes	>0.70	0.77–0.91	–
Psychological/social history report	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	–	–	–
QLP-A	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	0.65–0.94	–	–
Quickview	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	–	–	–
RAAPS	Unclear	Yes	Yes	–	–	–
SDQ-2	Yes	Yes	Yes	0.75–0.90	0.72–0.88	7 weeks
SPPI	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	0.43–0.93	0.60	1–4 months
SDQ	Yes	Yes	Yes	0.59–0.75	0.65–0.83	–
YRRI	Unclear	Yes	Yes	>0.80	–	–

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