Prevalence of CMV infection among sexually active adolescents: a matched case-control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of cases and controls in group 1*

Characteristics	Cases (%)	Controls (%)	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Subjects (n)	22	22
CMV-seropositive (n)	7 (31.8)	7 (31.8)	0.7518	1.000 (0.230–4.345)
Mean age (years ± SD)	17.3±1.3	16.8±1.3	0.0118
Gender
Males (n)	4 (18.2)	4 (18.2)	ND
Females (n)	18 (81.8)	18 (81.8)	ND
Currently sexually active (n)	17	0	ND
Last sexual activity (months ± SD)	3.2± 6	–	ND
Age at first sexual activity, years (mean ± SD)	14.2±2	–	ND
Sexual partners (n)
<1	0	–	ND
1–2	15	–	ND
3–4	2	–	ND
>4	3	–	ND
Condom use
Never	0	–	ND
Sometimes	9	–	ND
Always	11	–	ND
Using birth control (n)	14	6	0.0961	3.333 (0.858–18.849)
History of an STD (n)	22	0	ND
Age at first STD, years (mean ± SD)	16.8±1.6	–	ND
HIV tested (n)	11	1	0.0094	11.000 (1.599–473.475)
Pregnant (n)	3	0	ND
Family income
<$20,000	6	11	0.6868
$20,000–$40,000	3	3	0.6618
$40,000–$60,000	2	1	0.5487
$60,000–$80,000	0	1	1.000
Medical insurance	12	18	1.000
Parental education
<High school	0	1	1.000
High school/GED	11	9	0.045	11 (1.1–104)
College	1	8	0.0492	8.8 (0.9–83)
Siblings at home (n)	5	2	0.2074
Ages of siblings at home, years	12	19	0.2074
Siblings <5	1	1	1.000
Siblings 5–12	5	1	0.3544
Siblings >12	7	5	0.6424

Notes:

* Sexual activity defined by either specific laboratory findings (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, pregnancy) or nonspecific laboratory findings (human papilloma virus, bacterial vaginosis, self-reported sexually transmitted infection, pregnant partner) and reported sexual activity.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; GED, General Educational Development; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STD, sexually transmitted disease; ND, not done.

Table 2 Characteristics of cases and controls in group 2*

Characteristics	Cases (%)	Controls (%)	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Total subjects (n)	16	16
CMV-seropositive (n)	6 (37.5)	1 (6.3)	0.0736	0.000
Age, years (mean ± SD)	15.4±1.3	15.3±1.4	0.249
Gender
Male (n)	7 (43.8)	7 (43.8)	ND
Female (n)	9 (56.3)	9 (56.3)	ND
Currently sexually active (n)	14 (87.5)		ND
Last sexual activity (months ± SD)	3.6±3.9	–	ND
Age of first sexual activity, years (mean ± SD)	13.8±1.8	–	ND
Sexual partners (n)
<1	0	–	ND
1–2	11	–	ND
3–4	2	–	ND
>4	3	–	ND
Condom use
Never	0	–	ND
Sometimes	3	–	ND
Always	13	–	ND
Using birth control (n)	8	3	1.000	0.500 (0.008–9.605)
History of an STD (n)	0	0	ND
Age at first STD, years (mean ± SD)	6	1	0.1306	6.000 (0.728–275.986)
HIV tested (n)	0	0	ND
Pregnant (n)
Family income	5	8	1.000
<$20,000	2	5	1.000
$20,000–$40,000	1	0	0.3478
$40,000–$60,000	0	2	0.5257
$60,000–$80,000	12	14	1.000
Medical insurance
Parental education	1	1	1.000
<High school	8	10	1.000
High school/GED	2	4	1.000
College	1	6	0.0809
Siblings at home (n)	11	8	0.0809
Ages of siblings at home	2	1	1.000
Siblings <5 years	3	3	1.000
Siblings 5–12 years	6	4	1.000

Note:

* Sexual activity defined by report of sexual activity only.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; GED, General Educational Development; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STD, sexually transmitted disease; ND, not done.