Student performance and their perception of a patient-oriented problem-solving approach with audiovisual aids in teaching pathology: a comparison with traditional lectures

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of POPS method.

Abbreviations: PSE, problem-solving exercise; MCQ, multiple choice questions; PPT, PowerPoint presentation; AVA, audiovisual aids; POPS, patient-oriented problemsolving systems.

Table 1a Pre- and post-test mean and SD of Group A and B

	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD
Pre-test group A	72	0	8	3.64	1.604
Pre-test group B	70	0	7	3.91	1.530
Post-test group A	72	12	24	19.63	2.703
Post-test group B	70	7	22	11.90	3.195

Abbreviations: N, number; SD, standard deviation.

Table 1b Paired difference correlations

	N	Mean	SD
Post-test group A – pre-test group A	72	15.9861	3.18223
Post-test group B – pre-test group B	70	7.9857	2.52806

Notes:z = 16.62, P < 0.001 significant.

Abbreviations: N, number; SD, standard deviation; z, z-test.

Table 2 Students’ response to POPS

Serial number	Question	Strong	Moderate	Not at all
1.	Do you think this type methodology (problem solving exercise) facilitates self learning?	45	27	0
		62.50%	37.50%	0%
2.	Do you think that type methodology (problem solving exercise) should be used by every teacher?	35	33	4
		48.61%	45.83%	5.55%
3.	Do you think that this type of methodology (problem solving exercise) will help you to make diagnosis in real clinical practice? (practical approach)	38	30	4
		52.78%	41.67%	5.55%
4.	Do you think self reading before class help in understanding of class material?	39	26	7
		54.17%	36.11%	9.72%
5.	Do you think that type methodology (problem solving exercise) creates interest in topic?	33	30	9
		45.83%	41.67%	12.50%
6.	Do you think that this type exercises help to keep your attention in classroom?	42	27	3
		58.33%	37.50%	4.17%
7.	Do you think that this type of teaching methodology is more scientific ways of teaching?	46	20	6
		63.89%	27.78%	8.33%
8.	Do you think that this type of teaching methodology strengthen student intrinsic motivation.	38	25	9
		52.78%	34.72%	12.50%
9.	Do you think that this type of teaching methodology develops self-directed learning skills?	58	12	2
		80.55%	16.67%	2.85%
10.	Do you think that this type of teaching methodology gives systemic approach or attempts to apply findings of cognitive psychology to educational process?	38	29	5
		52.78%	40.27%	6.94%
	Average%	57.52%	35.67%	6.81%

Table 3 Student’s satisfaction by POPS over the lecture

Percentage of satisfaction	No. students	Percentage of total students
1 to 10	0	0
11 to 20	0	0
21 to 30	0	0
31 to 40	0	0
41 to 50	1	1.38
51 to 60	3	4.16
61 to 70	5	6.94
71 to 80	8	11.11
81 to 90	7	9.72
91 to 100	46	63.89
No response	2	2.78
	n = 72	100

Abbreviations: N, number; %, percentage; POPS, patient-oriented problemsolving systems.