A Longitudinal Curriculum In Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography Improves Medical Knowledge And Psychomotor Skills Among Internal Medicine Residents

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics Of The Participants Who Completed Both Comprehensive Knowledge Assessments

		Likert Scale^a,b					Value
Characteristics	Participants^a	1	2	3	4	5	Mean (Range)	SD
Sex
Male	19 (65.5)
Female	10 (34.5)
Residency year
PGY 1	13 (44.8)
PGY 2	9 (31.0)
PGY 3	7 (24.1)
Categorical resident	20 (69.0)
POCUS
Level of experience		8 (27.6)	14 (48.3)	5 (17.2)	2 (6.9)	0 (0.0)	2.03 (1.71–2.36)	0.87
Frequency of use		6 (20.7)	13 (44.8)	9 (31.0)	1 (3.4)	0 (0.0)	2.17 (1.87–2.48)	0.80
Perception of value		0 (0.0)	2 (6.9)	2 (6.9)	6 (20.7)	19 (65.5)	4.45 (4.10–4.79)	0.91
Adequacy of current training		2 (6.9)	9 (31.0)	10 (34.5)	7 (24.1)	1 (3.4)	2.86 (2.49–3.24)	0.99

Notes: ^aCategorical data are presented as number (percentage) of participants or responses. ^bIncreases with number (1, none/low; 5, often/high).

Abbreviations: PGY, postgraduate year; POCUS, point-of-care ultrasonography.

Table 2 Pretest And Posttest Scores For Monthly Modules: Didactics

		Score, Mean (SD), %
Session Module	No. Of Participants	Pretest	Posttest	Mean Difference, %	P-Value^a
Physics	23	44.4 (22.6)	88.6 (11.8)	44.4	<0.001
FAST	15	48.0 (24.8)	69.4 (18.4)	21.4	0.01
Cardiac	12	48.4 (19.8)	90.0 (10.4)	41.6	<0.001
Renal	16	46.2 (14.0)	67.6 (21.8)	21.2	0.003
Pulmonary	18	50.0 (19.8)	77.8 (15.2)	27.8	<0.001
DVT	12	31.6 (18.0)	63.4 (14.4)	31.6	0.001

Note: ^aAll P values show statistical significance.

Abbreviations: DVT = deep venous thrombosis; FAST = focused assessment using sonography in trauma.

Table 3 Pretest And Posttest Scores For Monthly Modules: Skills Sessions

		Score, Mean (SD), %
Session Module	No. Of Participants	Pretest	Posttest	Mean Difference, %	P-Value^a
Physics	25	60.8 (21.2)	89.6 (11.8)	28.8	<0.001
FAST	8	35.0 (17.8)	80.0 (15.2)	45.0	<0.001
Cardiac	8	30.0 (18.6)	85.0 (14.2)	55.0	<0.001
Renal	6	60.0 (12.6)	96.6 (8.2)	36.6	<0.001
Pulmonary	10	52.0 (27.0)	86.0 (16.4)	34.0	0.004
DVT	7	20.0 (2.8)	85.8 (9.8)	65.8	<0.001

Note: ^aAll P values show statistical significance.

Abbreviations: DVT, deep venous thrombosis; FAST, focused assessment using sonography in trauma.

Table 4 Effect Of Attendance And Educational Modality On Medical Knowledge Improvement

Effect	Improvement	r^a	P-Value^b
Mean (range), %
≥33% participation	12.08 (6.40 to 17.77)		<0.001
<33% participation	5.64 (–1.31 to 12.59)		0.10
By attendance modality, mean (SD)
Total		0.2579	0.18
Didactic		0.0697	0.72
Hands-on skills		0.4411	0.02

Notes: ^aPearson correlation coefficient. ^bBold type indicates statistical significance.

Figure 1 Didactic and hands-on attendance vs improvement in comprehensive knowledge assessment.