Validation and Normalization of Grasha–Riechmann Teaching Style Inventory in Faculty Members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of Items Based on the Teaching Styles

Items	Teaching Styles	Row	Items	Teaching Style	Row
38-33-28-23-18-13-8-3	Personal model	4	36-31-26-21-16-11-6- 1	Expert	1
39-34-29-24-19-14-9-4	Facilitator	5	37-32-27-22-17-12-7-2	Authority	2
			40-35-30-25-20-15-10-5	Delegator	3

Table 2 Evaluation of Content Validity of Each Construct

Teaching Style	Simplicity (%)	Clarity (%)	Relevance (%)	Total CVI (%)	CVR (%)
Expert	96.25	97.50	97.50	97.1	62.5
Formal authority	83.75	96.25	100	93.33	65
Personal model	98.75	97.50	97.50	97.91	80
Facilitator	97.50	100	100	99.16	72.5
Delegator	98.75	100	100	99.58	62.5
Total	95	98.25	99	97.4	68.5

Table 3 Reliability of Teaching Style Questionnaire Used in Zahedan Study

Teaching Style	Reliability (Grasha, 2002)	Reliability Hasanzadeh’s Study	Reliability Zahedan Study
Expert	0.78	0.72	73%
Formal authority	0.82	0.80	80%
Personal model	0.74	0.78	71%
Facilitator	0.80	0.85	75%
Delegator	0.72	0.81	83%

Table 4 The Range of Scores (Low, Medium, and High) for Each Style Based on Their Score (Grasha 7-Point Scale)

Teaching Style	High Application	Medium Application	Low Application
	Score	Score	Score
Expert	4.9–7.0	3.3–4.8	3.2–0.1
Formal authority	5.5–7.0	4.1–5.4	4.0–1.0
Personal model	5.8–7.0	4.4–5.7	4.3–1.0
Facilitator	5.4–7.0	3.8–1.0	3.7–1.0
Delegator	4.3–7.0	2.7–4.2	2.6–1.0

Table 5 The Mean Scores Based on Teaching Styles of Faculty Members

Delegator	Facilitator	Personal Model	Formal Authority	Expert	Variable
99/4	43/5	39/5	23/5	61/5	Mean
824/0	705/0	664/0	719/0	612/0	SD

Table 6 Frequency of Teaching Styles Based on Range of Low, Average, and High Scores for Professors of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Teaching Style	Expert	Formal Authority	Personal Model	Facilitator	Delegator
No.	320	214	238	201	288
Percent	88.6	59.3	65.9	55.7	78.9

Table 7 Relative Frequency Distribution of Teaching Styles According to Academic Rank of Faculty Members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Teaching Style	Expert		Formal Authority		Personal Model		Facilitator		Delegator
Academic Rank/Application	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent
Instructor	73	8	31	49	22	57	46	34	68	13
	90.1	9.9	38.3	60.5	27.2	56.4	8	42.0	84.0	16.0
Assistant Professor	194	28	65	140	52	146	121	100	176	46
	87.4	12.6	29.3	63.1	23.4	65.8	54.5	45.0	79.3	23.7
Associate Professor	37	4	23	14	17	22	27	14	31	10
	90.2	9.8	56.1	34.1	41.5	53.7	65.9	34.1	75.6	24.4
Professor	16	1	5	11	3	13	7	10	13	4
	94.1	5.9	29.4	64.7	17.6	76.5	41.2	58.8	76.5	23.5
Total	320	41	124	214	94	238	201	158	288	73
	88.6	11.4	34.3	59.3	26.0	65.9	55.7	43.8	79.8	20.2
P-value	0.7		0.008		0.059		0.6		0.6

Table 8 Relative Frequency Distribution of Teaching Styles According to Colleges of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Teaching Style	Expert		Formal Authority		Personal Model		Facilitator		Delegator
College/Application	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent	High Percent	Medium Percent
Medicine	175	19	69	109	56	121	116	78	159	35
	90.2	9.8	35.6	56.9	28.9	62.4	59.8	40.2	82.0	18.0
Paramedicine	20	3	5	17	5	15	11	12	20	3
	87.0	13.0	21.7	79.3	21.7	65.2	47.8	522.2	87.0	13.0
Public Health	24	3	7	19	9	18	19	8	24	3
	88.9	11.1	25.9	70.4	33.3	66.7	70.4	29.6	88.9	11.1
Rehabilitation	4	0	0	3	1	2	2	2	3	1
	100.0	0.0	0.0	75.0	25.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	75.0	25.0
Midwifery Nursing	52	3	26	29	14	40	33	22	47	8
	94.5	5.5	47.3	52.7	25.5	72.7	60.0	40.0	85.5	14.5
Dentistry	45	13	17	37	9	42	20	36	35	23
	77.6	22.4	29.3	63.8	15.5	72.4	34.5	62.1	60.3	39.7
Total	320	41	124	214	94	238	201	158	288	73
	88.6	11.4	34.3	59.3	26.0	65.9	55.7	43.8	79.8	20.2
P-value	0.075		0.103		0.205		0.007		0.004