Quality and Impact of Survey Research Among Anesthesiologists: A Systematic Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Pre-Specified Fields Coded for Each Manuscript

	Variable and Categories
Survey characteristics	Age focus of primary society: General, Pediatric
	Primary mode: Web, Paper
	Whether survey questions were previously validated
	Whether pre-test of survey questionnaire was performed
	Whether pre-notification of eligible respondents was used
	Whether incentives were used
	Whether reminders for selected respondents were used
	The number of reminders used
	Duration of data collection in months
	Year data collection was completed
	Primary topic: Anesthetic practice, Other clinical practice, Medical education, Population health, Business or professional topic, Other topics
Quality Outcomes	Survey response rate
	Item nonresponse rate for primary outcome
	Fraction of missing information
	Whether missing data were imputed for analysis
Impact Outcomes	Article citations in Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
	Article citations in Google Scholar
	Altmetric score
	Journal Impact Factor
	Any references in official society publication
	Any references in news media
	Any references in textbooks or edited volumes

Table 2 Bibliographic Data and Study Characteristics for the Included Studies

Article Reference	Societies Surveyed	Primary Country	Primary Age of Focus	Survey Year	Number of Responses
Downey et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2017;45:73–78^Citation31	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	427
Keon-Cohen et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2017;45:396–402^Citation32	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	290
McCawley et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2017;45:624–630^Citation33	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	295
Toledo et al Anaesth Analg 2017;123:1611–1616^Citation34	ASA	United States	General	2015	299
Ard et al A&A Case Rep 2016;6:208–16^Citation35	ASA	United States	General	2013	2189
Cordovani et al Can J Anaesth 2016;63:16–23^Citation36	CAS	Canada	General	2012	458
Gurunathan et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2016;44:111–8^Citation37	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2014	245
Heard et al Anesth Analg 2016;122:1614–24^Citation38	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	755
Leslie et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2016;44;291–7^Citation39	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2015	395
Rosen et al Paediatr Anaesth 2016;26:207–12^Citation40	CPAS	Canada	Pediatric	2013	106
Sathyamoorthy et al J Clin Anesth 2016;22:266–72^Citation41	SPA	United States	Pediatric	2014	805
Baird et al Anesthesiology 2015;123:997–1012^Citation21	ASA	United States	General	2013	8178
Corcoran et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2015;43:167–74^Citation42	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	333
Fernandez et al Anesth Analg 2015;120:837–43^Citation43	ASA	United States	General	^a	609
Patel et al Paediatr Anaesth 2015;25:1127–31^Citation44	SPA	United States	Pediatric	2012	743
Raphael et al Anesth Analg 2015;121:1244–99^Citation45	ASA	United States	General	2014	871
Ben-Menachem et al Anesth Analg 2014;119:1180–5^Citation46	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2012	289
Cote et al Anesth Analg 2014;118:1276–83^Citation47	SPA	United States	Pediatric	^a	731
De Oliveira et al Anesth Analg 2014;120:209–13^Citation48	ASA	United States	General	^a	641
Lavi et al Can J Cardiol 2014;30:627–33^Citation49	CAS	Canada	General	2013	497
Schroeck et al Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014;78:2140–4^Citation50	SPA	United States	Pediatric	^a	322
Wong et al Can J Anaesth 2014;61:717–26^Citation51	CAS	Canada	General	2013	997
Afonso et al J Clin Anesth 2013;25:289–95^Citation52	ASA	United States	General	2009	304
Bradley et al Paediatr Anaesth 2013;23:1006–9^Citation53	APAGBI	United Kingdom	Pediatric	^a	^a
Fahy et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:102–7^Citation54	SPANZA	Australia, New Zealand	Pediatric	2009	84
Hall et al Can J Anaesth 2013;60:1170^Citation55	CAS	Canada	General	2012	1293
McDonnell et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2013;41:641–7^Citation56	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	191
Phillips et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2013;41:374–9^Citation57	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2011	678
Raghunathan et al Anesth Analg. 2013;116:644–8^Citation58	ASA	United States	General	2010	1300
Calder et al Paediatr Anaesth 2012;22:1150–4^Citation59	APAGBI, CPAS, SPANZA	United Kingdom	Pediatric	2011	693
Gazoni et al Anesth Analg 2012;114:596–603^Citation60	ASA	United States	General	2009	659
Heard et al Anesth Analg 2012;114:604–14^Citation61	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	433
McCunn et al J Clin Anesth 2012;24:38–43^Citation62	ASA	United States	General	2010	460
McGain et al Anesth Analg 2012;114:1049–54^Citation63	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2009	210
Orkin et al Anesthesiology 2012;117:953–63^Citation64	ASA	United States	General	^a	3222
Pettigrew et al Paediatr Anaesth 2012;22:438–41^Citation65	AAGBI, APAGBI	United Kingdom	Pediatric	2010	727
Vigoda et al J Clin Anesth 2012;24:446–55^Citation66	ASA	United States	General	^a	1595
Cannesson et al Crit Care 2011;15:R197^Citation67	ASA	United States	General	^a	210
Firth et al Paediatr Anaesth 2011;21:43–9^Citation68	SPA	United States	Pediatric	2009	510
Trentman et al J Clin Comput 2011;25:129–35^Citation69	ASA	United States	General	2010	615
Braun et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2010;38:935–8^Citation70	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	146
Dooney et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2010;38:354–8^Citation71	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	2007	306
Homer et al Paediatr Anaesth 2010;20:638–46^Citation72	AAGBI	United Kingdom	Pediatric	2008	310
Nelson et al Anesth Analg 2010;110:754–60^Citation73	SPA	United States	Pediatric	^a	294
Zugai et al Anaesth Intensive Care 2010;38:27–32^Citation74	ANZCA	Australia, New Zealand	General	^a	250

Note: ^aNot reported in article.

Abbreviations: AAGBI, Association of Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland; APAGBI, Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland; CPAS, Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society; CAS, Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society; SPA, Society for Pediatric Anesthesia; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ANZCA, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists.

Table 3 Reported Characteristics of Survey Methodologies for Selected Studies

Article Reference	Survey Mode	Survey Duration (months)	Used Validated Questions	Pre-Tested Questionnaire	Pre-notified Respondents	Used Incentives	Number of Reminders
Downey et al^Citation31	Web		Yes				0
Keon-Cohen et al^Citation32	Web	2		Yes			2
McCawley et al^Citation33	Web	2					0
Toledo et al^Citation34	Web		Yes				3
Ard et al^Citation35	Web	4					1
Cordovani et al^Citation36	Web	2		Yes			0
Gurunathan et al^Citation37	Web	2		Yes			1
Heard et al.^Citation38	Paper			Yes			3
Leslie et al^Citation39	Web	1					1
Rosen et al^Citation40	Web	2		Yes			2
Sathyamoorthy et al^Citation41	Web	3					2
Baird et al^Citation21	Web	2	Yes				4
Corcoran et al^Citation42	Web			Yes		Yes	1
Fernandez et al^Citation43	Web			Yes		Yes	2
Patel et al^Citation44	Web	2	Yes				2
Raphael et al^Citation45	Web	3	Yes	Yes			0
Ben-Menachem et al^Citation46	Web		Yes	Yes			1
Cote et al^Citation47	Web	4					2
De Oliveira et al^Citation48	Web						1
Lavi et al^Citation49	Web	9		Yes		Yes	1
Schroeck et al^Citation50	Web		Yes	Yes			1
Wong et al^Citation51	Web	2	Yes				2
Afonso et al^Citation52	Paper	1	Yes	Yes			0
Bradley et al^Citation53	Web						0
Fahy et al^Citation54	Web	6					0
Hall et al^Citation55	Web	6		Yes			3
McDonnell et al^Citation56	Web		Yes	Yes			0
Phillips et al^Citation57	Web	2		Yes			2
Raghunathan et al^Citation58	Web	2	Yes				0
Calder et al^Citation59	Web	4					0
Gazoni et al^Citation60	Paper	3		Yes	Yes	Yes	2
Heard et al^Citation61	Paper			Yes			0
McCunn et al^Citation62	Web	1		Yes			2
McGain et al^Citation63	Web			Yes			2
Orkin et al^Citation64	Web			Yes	Yes		0
Pettigrew et al^Citation65	Web	1					0
Vigoda et al^Citation66	Web		Yes	Yes			1
Cannesson et al^Citation67	Web						2
Firth et al^Citation68	Web	3					2
Trentman et al^Citation69	Web	1					2
Braun et al^Citation70	Web			Yes			1
Dooney et al^Citation71	Web	2		Yes			0
Homer et al^Citation72	Web	3					2
Nelson et al^Citation73	Web						0
Zugai et al^Citation74	Paper					Yes	1

Table 4 Survey Quality and Impact Metrics

Article Reference	Response Rate	Primary Outcome Non-Response	Fraction of Missing Information	Article Citations (Web of Science)	Article Citations (Google Scholar)	Altmetric Score	Impact Factor	Where Article Referenced
Downey et al^Citation31	42.8%	1.4%	0.2%	4	2		1.7	Official society publication
Keon-Cohen et al^Citation32	38%	5.2%		1	1		1.7
McCawley et al^Citation33	29.8%			0	0		1.7
Toledo et al^Citation34	54%			0	2		4.0	Official society publication
Ard et al^Citation35	42%		6.9%	2	4			Textbook
Cordovani et al^Citation36	26%			4	11		2.3	Textbook
Gurunathan et al^Citation37	24.6%			3	3		1.7
Heard et al^Citation38	48.9%			0	1		4.0
Leslie et al^Citation39	41%	3.4%		2	4		1.4
Rosen et al^Citation40	51%			3	5	3	2.3
Sathyamoorthy et al^Citation41	28%			0	3		1.7	Official society publication
Baird et al^Citation21	25.6%			8	7	105	5.2	Official society publication, news media
Corcoran et al^Citation42	33%			5	6		1.7
Fernandez et al^Citation43	18.2%			13	20		4.0	Official society publication
Patel et al^Citation44	27.1%			8	11	1	1.8
Raphael et al^Citation45	14.5%	1.4%		4	8	2	4.0	Official society publication
Ben-Menachem et al^Citation46	30%			5	8		4.0	Textbook
Cote et al^Citation47	30%		4.9%	47	85	5	4.0	Textbook
De Oliveira et al^Citation48	42.7%			17	18		4.0	News media
Lavi et al^Citation49	12.7%			5	12		4.4
Schroeck et al^Citation50	11%			2	5		1.2	Textbook
Wong et al^Citation51	39%		4.2%	15	27		2.3	Textbook
Afonso et al^Citation52	95%			2	2		1.7
Bradley et al^Citation53				11	20	1	2.3
Fahy et al^Citation54	41.6%			2	1		1.7	Textbook
Hall et al^Citation55	67%		8.2%	14	22		2.5	News media, textbook
McDonnell et al^Citation56	38%			4	7		1.7	Official society publication, news media
Phillips et al^Citation57	38.9%			15	20		1.7	News media
Raghunathan et al^Citation58	13.5%	19.1%		2	6	0	4.0	Textbook
Calder et al^Citation59	28.8%			6	12	1	2.3	Official society publication
Gazoni et al^Citation60	56%			30	60	6	4.0	Textbook
Heard et al^Citation61	49%		4.8%	19	46	5	4.0
McCunn et al^Citation62	8.1%		9.3%	9	17		1.7	Official society publication
McGain et al^Citation63	41%			5	18		4.0	Official society publication, news media
Orkin et al^Citation64	36.2%			15	26	14	5.8	News media, textbook
Pettigrew et al^Citation65	51.2%			2	3	1	1.8	Official society publication
Vigoda et al^Citation66	7.1%		2.2%	0	13		1.7	Textbook
Cannesson et al^Citation67	8.4%			135	218	12	5.4	Official society publication, news media, textbook
Firth et al^Citation68	25%			4	10	1	2.3
Trentman et al^Citation69	12.3%			24	35		2.2
Braun et al^Citation70	29%			0	16		1.7	Official society publication, news media
Dooney et al^Citation71	52.8%		1.3%	5	4		1.7	Textbook
Homer et al^Citation72	52%			8	10	1	2.3
Nelson et al^Citation73	42%			29	47	2	4.0	Textbook
Zugai et al^Citation74	55%			0	12		1.7

Downey GB, McDonald JM, Downey RG. Welfare of anaesthesia trainees survey. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2017;45(1):73–78. doi:10.1177/0310057X1704500111

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Keon-Cohen Z, Myles PS, Story DA. A survey of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists’ attitudes towards resuscitation orders in the perioperative setting. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2017;45(3):396–402. doi:10.1177/0310057X1704500316

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

McCawley D, Cyna AM, Prineas S, Tan S. A survey of the sequelae of memorable anaesthetic drug errors from the anaesthetist’s perspective. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2017;45(5):624–630. doi:10.1177/0310057X1704500514

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Toledo P, Duce L, Adams J, Ross VH, Thompson KM, Wong CA. Diversity in the American society of anesthesiologists leadership. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1611–1616. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001837

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ard JL Jr, Tobin K, Huncke T, Kline R, Ryan SM, Bell C. A survey of the American society of anesthesiologists regarding environmental attitudes, knowledge, and organization. Case Rep. 2016;6(7):208–216. doi:10.1213/XAA.0000000000000184

 Google Scholar

Cordovani L, Chung F, Germain G, et al. Perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a survey of Canadian anesthesiologists. Can J Anaesth. 2016;63(1):16–23. doi:10.1007/s12630-015-0512-y

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gurunathan U, Berry K, Way M. Intentions and barriers to research activities among Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists: a survey. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2016;44(1):111–118. doi:10.1177/0310057X1604400117

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Heard GC, Thomas RD, Sanderson PM. In the aftermath: attitudes of anesthesiologists to supportive strategies after an unexpected intraoperative patient death. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(5):1614–1624. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001227

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Leslie K, Allen ML, Hessian E, Lee AY. Survey of anaesthetists’ practice of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2016;44(4):491–497. doi:10.1177/0310057X1604400409

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Rosen HD, Mervitz D, Cravero JP. Pediatric emergence delirium: Canadian pediatric anesthesiologists’ experience. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016;26(2):207–212. doi:10.1111/pan.12812

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sathyamoorthy M, Lerman J, Okhomina VI, Penman AD. Use of cuffed tracheal tubes in neonates, infants and children: a practice survey of members of the society of pediatric anesthesia. J Clin Anesth. 2016;33:266–272. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.013

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Baird M, Daugherty L, Kumar KB, Arifkhanova A. Regional and gender differences and trends in the anesthesiologist workforce. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(5):997–1012. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000834

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Corcoran TB, Edwards T. A survey of antiemetic dexamethasone administration-frequency of use and perceptions of benefits and risks. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;43(2):167–174. doi:10.1177/0310057X1504300205

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Fernandez PG, Loftus RW, Dodds TM, et al. Hand hygiene knowledge and perceptions among anesthesia providers. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(4):837–843. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000408

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Patel A, Clark SR, Schiffmiller M, Schoenberg C, Tewfik G. A survey of practice patterns in the use of laryngeal mask by pediatric anesthesiologists. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25(11):1127–1131. doi:10.1111/pan.12727

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Raphael DR, Cannesson M, Rinehart J, Kain ZN. Health care costs and the perioperative surgical home: a survey study. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(5):1344–1349. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000876

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ben-Menachem E, Zalcberg D. Depth of anesthesia monitoring: a survey of attitudes and usage patterns among Australian anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg. 2014;119(5):1180–1185. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000344

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Cote CJ, Posner KL, Domino KB. Death or neurologic injury after tonsillectomy in children with a focus on obstructive sleep apnea: Houston, we have a problem! Anesth Analg. 2014;118(6):1276–1283. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318294fc47

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

De Oliveira GS Jr, Dexter F, Bialek JM, McCarthy RJ. Reliability and validity of assessing subspecialty level of faculty anesthesiologists’ supervision of anesthesiology residents. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(1):209–213. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000453

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Lavi S, Jolly SS, Bainbridge D, Manji F, Randhawa V, Lavi R. Sedation, analgesia, and anaesthesia variability in laboratory-based cardiac procedures: an international survey. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(6):627–633. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.034

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Schroeck H, Healy DW, Tait AR. Airway laser procedures in children and the American society of anesthesiologists’ practice advisory: a survey among pediatric anesthesiologists. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(12):2140–2144. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.09.024

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Wong DT, Mehta A, Tam AD, Yau B, Wong J. A survey of Canadian anesthesiologists’ preferences in difficult intubation and “cannot intubate, cannot ventilate” situations. Can J Anaesth. 2014;61(8):717–726. doi:10.1007/s12630-014-0183-0

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Afonso AM, Diaz JH, Scher CS, Beyl RA, Nair SR, Kaye AD. Measuring determinants of career satisfaction of anesthesiologists: validation of a survey instrument. J Clin Anesth. 2013;25(4):289–295. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2013.01.007

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bradley AE, White MC, Engelhardt T, Bayley G, Beringer RM. Current UK practice of pediatric supraglottic airway devices - a survey of members of the association of paediatric anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013;23(11):1006–1009. doi:10.1111/pan.12230

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Fahy CJ, Costi DA, Cyna AM. A survey of aseptic precautions and needle type for paediatric caudal block in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013;41(1):102–107. doi:10.1177/0310057X1304100117

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hall R, Bryson GL, Flowerdew G, et al. Drug shortages in Canadian anesthesia: a national survey. Can J Anaesth. 2013;60(6):539–551. doi:10.1007/s12630-013-9920-z

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

McDonnell NJ, Kaye RM, Hood S, Shrivastava P, Khursandi DC. Mental health and welfare in Australian anaesthetists. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013;41(5):641–647. doi:10.1177/0310057X1304100510

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Phillips S, Stewart PA, Bilgin AB. A survey of the management of neuromuscular blockade monitoring in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013;41(3):374–379. doi:10.1177/0310057X1304100316

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Raghunathan K, Connelly NR, Friderici J, et al. Unwarranted variability in antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean section delivery: a national survey of anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(3):644–648. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318276cf72

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Calder A, Hegarty M, Davies K, von Ungern-sternberg BS. The difficult airway trolley in pediatric anesthesia: an international survey of experience and training. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22(12):1150–1154. doi:10.1111/pan.12058

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gazoni FM, Amato PE, Malik ZM, Durieux ME. The impact of perioperative catastrophes on anesthesiologists: results of a national survey. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(3):596–603. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318227524e

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Heard GC, Sanderson PM, Thomas RD. Barriers to adverse event and error reporting in anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(3):604–614. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822649e8

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

McCunn M, Speck RM, Chung I, Atkins JH, Raiten JM, Fleisher LA. Global health outreach during anesthesiology residency in the United States: a survey of interest, barriers to participation, and proposed solutions. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24(1):38–43. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.06.007

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

McGain F, White S, Mossenson S, Kayak E, Story D. A survey of anesthesiologists’ views of operating room recycling. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(5):1049–1054. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31824d273d

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Orkin FK, McGinnis SL, Forte GJ, et al. United States anesthesiologists over 50: retirement decision making and workforce implications. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(5):953–963. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182700c72

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Pettigrew T, Adewale L, Morton NS. General anesthesia without intravenous access in children–a survey of current practice among members of the APAGBI and UK regional representatives of the APAGBI and the AAGBI. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22(5):438–441. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03787.x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Vigoda MM, Behrens V, Miljkovic N, Arheart KL, Lubarsky DA, Dutton RP. Perioperative cardiac evaluation of simulated patients by practicing anesthesiologists is not consistent with 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24(6):446–455. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.11.007

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Cannesson M, Pestel G, Ricks C, Hoeft A, Perel A. Hemodynamic monitoring and management in patients undergoing high risk surgery: a survey among North American and European anesthesiologists. Crit Care. 2011;15(4):R197. doi:10.1186/cc10364

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Firth PG, McMillan KN, Haberkern CM, Yaster M, Bender MA, Goodwin SR. A survey of perioperative management of sickle cell disease in North America. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21(1):43–49. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03415.x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Trentman TL, Mueller JT, Ruskin KJ, Noble BN, Doyle CA. Adoption of anesthesia information management systems by US anesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput. 2011;25(2):129–135. doi:10.1007/s10877-011-9289-x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Braun AR, Leslie K, Merry AF, Story D. What are we telling our patients? A survey of risk disclosure for anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010;38(5):935–938. doi:10.1177/0310057X1003800520

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Dooney NM, Osborn KD. Rural anaesthesia practice: attitudes and recruitment following a period of anaesthetic training in rural and regional hospitals. A survey of new consultants. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010;38(2):354–358.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Homer JR, Bass S. Physically restraining children for induction of general anesthesia: survey of consultant pediatric anesthetists. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010;20(7):638–646. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03324.x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Nelson KL, Yaster M, Kost-Byerly S, Monitto CL. A national survey of American pediatric anesthesiologists: patient-controlled analgesia and other intravenous opioid therapies in pediatric acute pain management. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(3):754–760. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ca749c

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zugai BM, Eley V, Mallitt KA, Greenland KB. Practice patterns for predicted difficult airway management and access to airway equipment by anaesthetists in Queensland, Australia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010;38(1):27–32. doi:10.1177/0310057X1003800106

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar