What are the Attitudes of Medical Students at Jazan University Toward Professionalism?

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics of the Respondents

Factor		Frequency	Percent
Sex	Men	404	50.7
	Women	393	49.3
Residence	Rural	399	50.1
	Urban	398	49.9
Age	<18 Years	164	20.6
	18–20 Years	401	50.3
	21–23 Years	195	24.5
	24–26 Years	37	4.6
Academic year	Second	159	19.9
	Third	152	19.1
	Fourth	150	18.8
	Fifth	136	17.1
	Sixth	200	25.1
GPA	<2.5	43	5.4
	2.5–3.5	211	26.5
	≥3.5	543	68.1
Family income	Low	120	15.1
	Average	566	71.0
	High	105	13.2
Mother’s education	Illiterate	160	20.1
	Primary school	103	12.9
	Secondary school	85	10.7
	Postsecondary	384	48.2
	Postgraduate	65	8.2
Family health worker	Yes	378	47.4
	No	419	52.6

Abbreviation: GPA, grade point average.

Table 2 Responses to Items in the Altruism Subscale

Item No.	Do You Agree When.	Strongly Disagree		Disagree		Neutral		Agree		Strongly Agree
		Fr.	%	Fr.	%	Fr	%	Fr.	%	Fr.	%
10	The doctor stops his sports activity in the club to reply on an emergency call	65	8.2	64	8.0	143	17.9	238	29.9	287	36.0
46	A doctor frequently skips clinical teaching to prepare for a conference	39	4.9	89	11.2	227	28.5	175	22.0	267	33.5
47	A doctor cancels a family appointment for an urgent patient’s need	51	6.4	68	8.5	166	20.8	280	35.1	232	29.1
48	The doctor does not witness against the hospital in favor of a patient before the court	214	26.9	190	23.8	249	31.2	190	23.8	214	26.9
49	The doctor turns down a home visit to a disabled patient due to a busy clinic	50	6.3	120	15.1	299	37.5	137	17.2	191	24.0

Abbreviation: Fr., frequency.

Table 3 Responses to Items in the Duty/Accountability Subscale

Item No.	Do You Agree When.	Strongly Disagree		Disagree		Neutral		Agree		Strongly Agree
		Fr.	%	Fr.	%	Fr	%	Fr.	%	Fr.	%
27	The doctor admits the wrong diagnosis before a patient	134	16.8	69	8.7	198	24.8	244	30.6	152	19.1
28	The doctor leaves before handing over patients to the next colleague	39	4.9	94	11.8	124	15.6	316	39.6	224	28.1
29	The doctor actively participates in orientation for new residents	44	5.5	30	3.0	162	20.3	306	38.4	255	32.0
30	The doctor encourages patients to contribute to decision-making	42	5.3	26	3.3	155	19.4	292	36.6	282	35.4
31	The doctor discusses patients’ cases with colleagues in a crowded elevator	46	5.8	78	9.8	128	16.1	317	39.8	228	28.6
32	The doctor calls the insurance company to follow up on a valid patient claim	91	11.4	57	7.2	337	42.3	207	26.0	105	13.2
33	The doctor declines an invitation to an infection control committee meeting	42	5.3	103	12.9	288	36.1	142	17.8	222	27.9

Abbreviation: Fr., frequency.

Table 4 Responses to Items in the Excellence Subscale

Item No.	Do You Agree When.	Strongly Disagree		Disagree		Neutral		Agree		Strongly Agree
		Fr.	%	Fr.	%	Fr	%	Fr.	%	Fr.	%
34	The doctor reflects on clinical cases to discover his/her unmet learning needs	61	7.7	45	5.6	210	26.3	267	33.5	214	26.9
35	The doctor attends patient’s questions to explain their illness in a busy clinic	188	23.6	136	17.1	214	26.9	176	22.1	83	10.4
36	The doctor searches for the best evidence available in in-patient care	43	5.4	33	4.1	149	18.7	279	35.0	293	36.8
37	The doctor collaborates with colleagues to draft new hospital guidelines	41	5.1	32	4.0	181	22.7	277	34.8	266	33.4
38	The doctor invests part of his/her income in attending medical conferences	52	6.5	37	4.6	221	27.7	288	36.1	199	25.0
39	The doctor makes a deal with a pharmacy company to sponsor his/her conference	75	9.4	198	24.8	326	40.9	89	11.2	109	13.7

Abbreviation: Fr., frequency.

Table 5 Responses to Items in the Honor/Integrity Subscale

Item No.	Do You Agree When.	Strongly Disagree		Disagree		Neutral		Agree		Strongly Agree
		Fr.	%	Fr.	%	Fr	%	Fr.	%	Fr.	%
40	The doctor gives wrong information to a patient to protect a colleague	179	22.5	348	43.7	140	17.6	90	11.3	40	5.0
41	The doctor issues a false sick leave for a child of a friend to study at home	46	5.8	84	10.5	209	26.2	257	32.2	201	25.2
42	The doctor changes actual data in his/her research based on the supervisor’s advice	48	6.0	109	13.7	237	29.7	217	27.2	186	23.3
43	The doctor hides information about a fatal diagnosis to avoid patient disturbance	39	4.9	103	12.9	179	22.5	263	33.0	213	26.7
44	The doctor introduces medical students as doctors to patients	85	10.7	167	21.0	204	25.6	140	17.6	201	25.2

Abbreviation: Fr., frequency.

Table 6 Responses to Items in the Respect for Others Subscale

Item No.	Do You Agree When.	Strongly Disagree		Disagree		Neutral		Agree		Strongly Agree
		Fr.	%	Fr.	%	Fr	%	Fr.	%	Fr.	%
50	The doctor respects the roles of all members of the healthcare team in the department	49	6.1	54	6.8	130	16.3	184	23.1	380	47.7
51	The doctor considers a patient’s background when explaining their clinical illness	46	5.8	75	9.4	162	20.3	238	29.9	276	34.6
52	The doctor keeps patients waiting in his/her clinic without an apology	40	5.0	69	8.7	111	13.9	385	48.3	192	24.1
53	The doctor gives priority to some patients based on social status or nationality	45	5.6	82	10.3	130	16.3	392	49.2	148	18.6
54	The doctor criticizes a prescription written by a colleague in front of patients	28	3.5	56	7.0	145	18.2	368	46.2	200	25.1

Abbreviation: Fr., frequency.

Table 7 Association of Excellence (Dependent Variable) with Three Demographic Variables

Coefficient
Model		Unstandardized		Standardized	t	p.value
		B	Std. Error	Beta
1	(Constant)	18.703	0.689		27.154	0.000
	Sex	0.874	0.315	0.099	2.772	0.006
	Age	0.240	0.279	0.043	0.863	0.388
	Academic year	0.153	0.148	0.051	1.035	0.301

Abbreviations: Std., standard; p.value., significance.

Table 8 Agreement Scores by LAMPS Subscale, 797 Respondents

		Honor/Integrity	Duty/Accountability	Excellence/Autonomy	Respect	Altruism
Responses (N)	Valid	797	797	797	797	797
	Missing	0	0	0	0	0
Mean		12.3450	21.2999	20.9925	14.5270	14.9197
Median		12.0000	21.0000	21.0000	15.0000	15.0000
Std. deviation		4.12495	4.54145	4.43178	3.30689	3.63243
Sum		9839.00	16,976.00	16,731.00	11,578.00	11,891.00

Abbreviations: LAMPS, Learner’s Attitude of Medical Professionalism Scale; Std., standard.

Table 9 Ranking of LAMPS Subscales by Respondents’ Academic Year

LAMPS Subscale	Academic Year	Responses (N)	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks
Altruism	Third	152	155.88	23,694.50
	Sixth	200	192.17	38,433.50
	Total	352
Duty/Accountability	Third	152	164.71	25,035.50
	Sixth	200	185.46	37,092.50
	Total	352
Excellence	Third	152	154.65	23,507.00
	Sixth	200	193.11	38,621.00
	Total	352
Respect	Third	152	162.36	24,678.00
	Sixth	200	187.25	37,450.00
	Total	352
Honor/Integrity	Third	152	175.33	26,650.00
	Sixth	200	177.39	35,478.00
	Total	352

Abbreviation: LAMPS, Learner’s Attitude of Medical Professionalism Scale.

Table 10 Statistical Tests of LAMPS Subscales with Academic Level as the Grouping Variable

Statistical Test	Altruism	Duty/Accountability	Excellence/Autonomy	Respect	Honor/Integrity
Mann–Whitney U	12066.500	13,407.500	11,879.000	13,050.000	15,022.000
Wilcoxon W	23694.500	25,035.500	23,507.000	24,678.000	26,650.000
Z	−3.327	−1.901	−3.521	−2.289	−0.189
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)	0.001	0.057	0.000	0.022	0.850

Abbreviation: Asymp. Sig., asymptotic significance.