Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of primary health care nurses and midwives in breast cancer early diagnosis applications

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of the nurses and midwives regarding their sociodemographic characteristics

Characteristics	Distribution of the status of nurses and midwives implementing BSE				Total
	Not practicing BSE		Practicing BSE
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
≤39 years	8	100.0	53	96.4	61	96.8
≥40 years	0	0.0	2	3.6	2	3.2
Job
Midwife	2	25.0	23	41.8	25	39.7
Nurse	6	75.0	32	58.2	38	60.3
Educational level
High school graduate	2	25.0	22	40.0	24	38.1
Associate degree	4	50.0	29	52.7	33	52.4
Graduate degree	0	0.0	4	7.3	4	6.3
Postgraduate degree	2	25.0	0	0.0	2	3.2
Marital status
Married	6	75.0	44	80.0	50	79.4
Single	2	25.0	11	20.0	13	20.6
Working status (years)
0–5	2	25.0	12	21.8	14	22.2
5–10	4	50.0	26	47.3	30	47.6
>10	2	25.0	17	30.9	19	30.2
Age of the first menstruation (x±S)	12±2.0		13.7±2.0
Status of the menstrual cycle’s continuation
Yes	8	100.0	55	100.0	63	100.0
No	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Status of having children
Yes	2	25.0	37	67.3	39	61.9
No	6	75.0	16	29.1	24	38.1
Breastfeeding the child
Yes	2	100.0	37	100.0	39	100.0
No	0	0.0	0	0,0	0	0,0
Duration of breastfeeding (x±S)	14±2		13.8±10.8
Age of first pregnancy (x±S)	22±2		21.5±6.5
Total number of pregnancies (x±S)	2±1		2.02±1.02
Use of family planning methods
Yes	4	66.7	24	43.6	28	44.4
No	2	33.3	20	36.4	22	34.9
Family planning methods used
Pill	4	100.0	10	50.0	14	50.0
Subcutaneous implants	0	0.0	5	17.9	5	17.9
Injection	0	0.0	9	32.1	9	32.1
Status of having hormone therapy with any reason
Yes	0	0.0	7	12.7	7	11.1
No	8	100.0	48	87.3	56	88.9
Hormonal treatment time (x±S)	1.85±0.4		1.87±0.3
Total	8	100.0	55	100.0	63	100.0

Note: As the groups are not equally distributed, the value of chi-square has not been calculated.

Abbreviations: BSE, breast self-examination; m, mean; S, standard deviation.

Table 2 Distribution of characteristics regarding the knowledge level of nurses and midwives about BSE

Characteristics	Knowledge level of nurses and midwives on BSE						Total
	Full knowledge		Incomplete knowledge		Never knew
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
≤39 years	17	27.9	27	44.3	17	27.9	61	100.0
≥40 years	2	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	100.0
Job
Midwife	9	36.0	9	36.0	7	28.0	25	100.0
Nurse	10	26.3	18	47.4	10	26.3	38	100.0
Educational level
High school graduate	5	20.8	4	16.7	15	62.5	24	100.0
Associate degree	12	36.4	19	57.6	2	6.1	33	100.0
Graduate degree	0	0.0	4	100.0	0	0.0	4	100.0
Postgraduate degree	2	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	100.0
Marital status
Married	19	38.0	16	32.0	15	30.0	50	100.0
Single	0	0.0	11	84.6	2	15.4	13	100.0
Working status (years)
0–5	2	14.3	4	28.6	8	57.1	14	100.0
5–10	10	33.3	16	53.3	4	13.3	30	100.0
>10	7	36.8	7	36.8	5	26.3	19	100.0
Status of the menstrual cycle’s continuation
Yes	19	30.1	27	42.9	17	27.0	63	100.0
No	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Status of having children
Yes	12	30.8	14	35.9	13	33.3	39	100.0
No	7	30.4	13	52.2	4	17.4	24	100.0
Breastfeeding the child
Yes	12	30.8	14	35.9	13	33.3	39	100.0
No	7	30.4	13	52.2	4	17.4	24	100.0
Use of family planning methods
Yes	9	32.1	6	21.4	13	46.4	28	100.0
No	10	41.7	11	45.8	3	12.5	24	100.0
Family planning methods used
Pill	7	50.0	5	35.7	2	14.3	14	100.0
Subcutaneous implants	0	0.0	5	100.0	0	0.0	5	100.0
Injection	5	55.6	0	0.0	4	44.4	9	100.0
Status of having hormone therapy with any reason
Yes	5	71.4	2	28.6	0	0.0	7	100.0
No	14	31.1	25	33.3	17	35.6	56	100.0
Total	19	30.2	27	42.9	17	27.0	63	100.0

Note: As the groups are not equally distributed, the value of chi-square has not been calculated.

Abbreviation: BSE, breast self-examination.

Table 3 Behaviors of the nurses and midwives, associated with clinical BE

Characteristics	Knowledge level of nurses and midwives on BE						Total
	Full knowledge		Incomplete knowledge		Never knew
	n	%		n	%		n	%
Status of performing clinical BE
Yes	13	65.0	0	0.0	7	35.0	20	100.0
No	6	14.0	27	62.8	10	23.2	43	100.0
Frequency of having clinical BE
Once in 6 months	5	71.4	0	0.0	2		28.6 7	100.0
Once a year	3	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	100.0
Every 3 years	5	50.0	0	0.0	5	50.0	10	100.0
Reason for having clinical BE
Early diagnosis	10	66.7	0	0.0	5	33.3	15	100.0
Disease caused	3	60.0	0	0.0	2		40.0 5	100.0
Mammography having status
Yes	2	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	100.0
No	17	27.9	27	44.2	17	27.9	61	100.0
Status of having breast disease history
Yes	5	55.6	2	22.2	2		22.2 9	100.0
No	14	25.9	25	46.3	15	27.8	54	100.0
Status of having breast cancer history in first-degree relatives
Yes	3	50.0	3	50.0	0	0.0	6	100.0
No	14	28.0	20	40.0	16	32.0	50	100.0
Don’t know	2	25.0	5	62.5	1	12.5	8	100.0
Status of having invasive procedures (biopsies) for diagnosis
Yes	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
No	19	30.2	27	42.8	17	27.0	63	100.0
Total	19	30.2	27	42.8	17	27.0	63	100.0

Note: As the groups are not equally distributed, the values of chi-square and p have not been calculated.

Abbreviation: BE, breast examination.