Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for breast cancer in the world

Figures & data

Table 1 Risk factors related to the breast cancer in the world

Risk factors		Protective	Predisposing	Controversial
Demographic	Female gender		✓
	Age		✓
	Blood group			✓
Reproductive	Age of menarche			✓
	Late age of menopause		✓
	Full-term pregnancy	✓
	Abortion			✓
	Ovulatory menstrual cycle	✓
	Pregnancy characteristics	✓	✓
Hormonal	Hormonal contraceptive methods		✓
	Ovulation-stimulating drugs			✓
	Postmenopausal hormone therapy		✓
Hereditary	Genetic factors		✓
	Positive family history of breast cancer		✓
Breast related	Lesser lactation duration	✓
	More breast density			✓
	Benign breast disorders		✓
Lifestyle	Obesity and overweight		✓
	Alcohol consumption		✓
	Smoking		✓
	Coffee			✓
	Diet		✓
	More physical activity	✓
	Vitamin D	✓
	Duration of sleep			✓
Others	Air pollution		✓
	Night work		✓
	Socioeconomic status		✓
	Diabetes		✓
	Radiation		✓