Figures & data
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with 80–500 µM BC and subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for Windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with 80–500 µM BC and subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in Materials and methods section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with 80–500 µM BC and subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at *P<0.05; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; ER-α, estrogen receptor alpha.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; PR, progesterone receptor.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 24 hours with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. They were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Actin bands represent equivalence in protein loading. The optical densities of each protein band were measured using the computer program Image Studio Lite. Differences are considered significant at ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 6 days with 80–500 µM BC and cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining and image cytometry using the Cellometer vision CBA. The samples were compared to the control. Differences were considered significant at *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Notes: The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. The cells were treated for 6 days with varying combinations of BC, estrogens, and antiestrogens. Cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining and image cytometry using the Cellometer vision CBA. The samples were compared to the control. Differences were considered significant at *P<0.05; ***P<0.001. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Abbreviation: BC, black cohosh.
Notes: Images (magnification ×20) were acquired according to the “Materials and methods” section. The control, “Cs”, represents DMSO, the solvent for BC.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.
Notes: ESR1 mRNA levels determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. T-47D cells were treated in the presence or absence of 400 µM BC, E2, and ICI for 24 hours. The control, “Cs”, represents dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for BC. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments with three replicates in each experiment. The samples were compared to the control. Differences were considered significant at **P<0.01. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS for windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Abbreviations: BC, black cohosh; SEM, standard error of the mean.