Identifying Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Among Women Attending Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa City: Hospital-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Women of Age Above 15 Years in Addis Ababa City Hospitals, 2017 (N=220: Case=110 and Control=110)

Variables	Case,	Control,	Total, N (%)	P-value
	N (%)	N (%)
Age category in years				0.110
15–40	47(42.7%)	62(56.4%)	109(49.5%)
40–49	27(24.5%)	27(24.5%)	54(24.5%)
50–59	23(20.9%)	13(11.8%)	36(16.4%)
>60	13(11.9%)	8(7.3%)	21(9.6%)
Marital Status				0.801
Never Married	9 (52.9%)	8(47.1%)	17(7.7%)
Married	101 (49.7%)	102(50.3%)	203(92.3%)
Level of education				0.179
Had no formal education	24(21.8%)	27(24.56%)	51(23.2%)
Primary education	18(16.4%)	26(23.6%)	44(20%)
Secondary education	44(40.0%)	44(40.0%)	88(40%)
Diploma and above	24(21.8%)	13(11.8%)	37(16.8%)
Residence				1.00
Urban	91(82.7%)	94 (85.5%)	185(84.1%)
Rural	19(17.3%)	16(14.5%)	33(15.9%)
Wealth Quintiles				0.153
Poorest	13(11.8%)	12(10.9%)	25(11.4%)
Poorer	32(29.1%)	42(38.2%)	74(33.6%)
Middle	29(26.4%)	34(30.9%)	63(28.6%)
Richer	27(24.5%)	13(11.8%)	40(18.2%)
Richest	9(8.2%)	9(8.2%)	18(8.2%)

Table 2 Behavioral Characteristics of Women of Age Above 15 Years in Addis Ababa City Hospitals, 2017 (N=220: Case=110 and Control=110)

Variables	Case	Control	Total	P-value
	Number (%)	Number (%)	Number (%)
Ever chew Khat				1.00
Yes	7(6.4%)	7(6.4%)	14(12.7%)
No	103(93.6%)	103(93.6%)	206(87.3%)
Ever passive smokers				0.178
Yes	14(7.3%)	8(1.8%)	22(4.5%)
No	96(92.7%)	102(98.2%)	198(95.5%)
Ever alcohol drinkers				0.436
Yes	80(72.7%)	85(77.3%)	165(75%)
No	30(27.3%)	25(22.7%)	55(25%)
Physical activity				0.0001
Low	86(78.2%)	48(43.6%)	134(60.9%)
High	24(21.8%)	62(56.4%)	86(39.1%)
Fruit intake				0.418
Yes	22(20%)	27(24.5%)	49(22.3%)
No	88(80%)	83(75.5%)	171(77.7%)
Vegetable intake				0.489
Yes	45(40.9%)	40(36.4%)	85(38.6%)
No	65(59.1%)	70(63.6%)	135(61.4%)
Stress				0.205
Low stress	54(49.1%)	66(60%)	120(54.5%)
Moderate stress	41(37.3%)	35(31.8%)	76(34.5%)
High stress	15(13.6%)	9(8.2%)	24(11%)
BMI				0.0001
< 18.5kg/m^2	13(11.8%)	28(25.5%)	41(18.6%)
18.5–25kg/m^2	50(45.5%)	64(58.2%)	114(51.8%)
> 25kg/m^2	47(42.7%)	18(16.3%)	65(29.6%)

Table 3 Reproductive and Family History Characteristics of Women of Age Above 15 Years in Addis Ababa City Hospitals, 2017 (N=220: Case=110 and Control=110)

Variables	Case	Control	Total	P-value
	Number (%)	Number (%)	Number (%)
Age at Menarche				0.810
< 12 years	10(9.1%)	9(8.2%)	19(8.6%)
≥ 12 years	100(90.9%)	101(91.8%)	201(91.4%)
Parity				0.013
No	26(23.6%)	12(10.9%)	38(17.3%)
Yes	84(76.4%)	98(89.1%)	182(82.7%)
Abortion				0.017
No	77(70%)	92(83.6%)	169(76.8%)
Yes	33(30%)	18(16.4%)	51(23.2%)
Menopausal status				0.001
Pre-menopause	61(55.5%)	85(77.3%)	146(66.4%)
Menopause	49(44.5%)	25(22.7%)	74(33.6%)
Ever breastfeeding				0.0001
Yes	67(60.9%)	97(88.1%)	164(74.5%)
No	43(39.1%)	13(11.9%)	56(25.5%)
Oral contraceptive use				0.0001
Yes	67(60.9%)	91(82.7%)	158(71.8%)
No	43(39.1%)	19(17.3%)	62(28.2%)
Family history				0.178
Yes	14(12.7%)	8(7.3%)	22(10%)
No	96(87.3%)	102(92.7%)	200(90%)

Table 4 Factors Associated with Breast Cancer Using Logistic Regression Among Women Above 15 Years of Age in Addis Ababa, 2017 (N=220: Cases=110 and Controls=110)

Explanatory Variables	Breast Cancer		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	P-value
	Cases	Control
Age categorized
<40	47	62	1	1
40–49	27	27	1.3(0.69–2.54)	0.7(0.33–1.66)	0.503
50–59	23	13	2.3(1.07–5.08)	0.5(0.10–2.09)	0.345
≥60	13	8	2.1(0.82–5.59)	0.2(0.04–1.22)	0.117
Physical activity
Low	86	48	1	1
Highest	24	62	0.2(0.12–0.33)	0.2(0.10–0.41)	0.0001
Parity
No	26	12	1	1
Yes	84	98	0.4(0.19–0.83)	1(0.28–3.80)	0.943
Abortion
No	77	92	1	1
Yes	33	18	2.2(1.14–4.19)	2.1(0.90–4.94)	0.067
Menopausal status
Pre-menopause	61	85	1	1
Menopause	49	25	2.7(1.52–4.89)	6.8(1.92–24.16)	0.008
Ever breastfeeding
Yes	67	96	1	1
No	43	13	4.8(2.39–9.58)	3.4(1.21–9.67)	0.022
Oral contraceptive use
Yes	67	91	1	1
No	43	19	3.1(1.64–5.74)	2(0.94–4.35)	0.087
BMI
< 18.5kg/m^2	13	28	1	1
18.5–25kg/m^2	50	64	1.7(0.79–3.58)	1.7(0.67–4.44)	0.228
> 25.1kg/m^2	47	18	5.6(2.39–13.20)	5.9(2.16–16.48)	0.001