DNA barcoding: a genomic-based tool for authentication of phytomedicinals and its products

Figures & data

Table 1 Various DNA barcoding candidates used in the authentication of phytomedicinals

Medicinal plants	Different barcode candidates analyzed	Potential barcode identified for species authenticity	Ref
Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae)	matK, rbcL, and psbA-trnH	psbA-trnH	40
Datura metel	ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK, and rbcL	ITS2 or psbA-trnH	41
Datura innoxia
Datura stramonium
Brugmansia arborea (Solanaceae)
Boerhavia diffusa (Nyctaginaceae)	ITS, ITS1, ITS2, and psbA-trnH	ITS and ITS1	42
Colchicum autumnale	rpoC1, psbA-trnH, matK, and ITS	rpoC1, psbA-trnH, and ITS	43
Arlina brachylepis
Arundo donax (Colchicaceae, Armadillidiidae, and Poaceae)
Asparagus racemosus	ITS2, matK, and rpoCl	ITS2	44
Hemidesmus indicus (Asparagaceae Apocynaceae)
Catharanthus roseus	matK and psbA-trnH	matK	45
Alstonia scholaris
Thevetia peruviana
Allamanda cathartica
Tabernaemontana divaricata
Calotropis gigantea (Rauvolfioideae)
Gentiana scabra Gentiana triflora	rbcL, matK, ITS, and 5S rRNA intergenic spacer, chloroplast psbA-	5S rRNA and trnL-F intergenic spacers	46
Gentiana manshurica and Gentiana rigescens (Gentianaceae)	trnH, trnL-F and rpl36-rps8
Peucedanum	No comparative analysis done	ITS	47
praeruptorum (Apiaceae)
Crocus sativus (Iridaceae)	No comparative analysis done	psbA-trnH	48
Tulipa edulis (Liliaceae)	matK, psbA-trnH, and rbcL	matK	49
Ferula sinkiangensis	No comparative analysis done	ITS2	51
Ferula fukangensis (Apiaceae)
Thunbergia laurifolia Crotalaria spectabilis (Acanthaceae and Fabaceae)	matK, rbcL, rpoC and trnL	High resolution melting analysis using rpoC	52
Isatis tinctoria	matK, rbcL, psbA-trnH, and ITS2	ITS2	53
Polygonum tinctorium
Strobilanthes cusia (Brassicaceae, Polygonaceae, and Acanthaceae)

Abbreviations: ITS, internal transcribed spacer; ITS2, second internal transcribed spacer; matK, maturase K; rbcL, ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit.