OnabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of neurogenic bladder

Figures & data

Table 1 Causes of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction

Spinal cord lesion	Spinal cord injury
	Congenital nerve tube defects
Basal ganglia pathology	Parkinson disease
	Huntington’s disease
	Shy-Drager syndrome
Demyelinating disorders	Multiple sclerosis
Cerebrovascular pathology	Stroke
	Cerebral palsy
Iatrogenic	Spine and pelvic surgery

Table 2 Summary of current and emerging therapeutic options for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction

Current	Emerging
Noninvasive
Antimuscarinics	Electrical and magnetic stimulation
Alpha blockers
Invasive
Intermittent self catheterization	Intravesical botulinum toxin
Cystoplasty	Sacral neuromodulation
Bladder autoaugmentation
Urinary diversion
Indwelling catheterization