Localization and upregulation of survivin in cancer health disparities: a clinical perspective

Figures & data

Table 1 Influence of survivin on clinical prognosis

Cancer type	On prognosis/staging of the disease	Survivin expression	Reference
Breast cancer	Good to poor	Moderate to high	Kalla Singh et al, 2010^Citation66, Adamkov et al, 2012^Citation67, Rexhepaj et al, 2010^Citation68, Xu et al, 2012^Citation69, Dedić Plavetić et al, 2013^Citation70, Span et al, 2006^Citation71, Li, 2005^Citation72, Boidot et al, 2009^Citation74, Khan et al, 2014^Citation75
Prostate cancer	Fair to poor	Moderate to high	Zaffaroni et al, 2005^Citation80, Shariat et al, 2004^Citation81, Koike et al, 2008^Citation82, Zhang et al, 2009^Citation83
Pancreatic cancer	Poor	High	Xie et al, 2013^Citation93
Leukemia	Good to poor	Low to high	Fulda, 2009^Citation100, Kamihira et al, 2001^Citation102, Park et al, 2011^Citation104, Kelly et al, 2011^Citation105, Troeger et al, 2007^Citation106, Esh et al, 2011^Citation107, Tyner et al, 2012^Citation108, Ahmed et al, 2012^Citation109, Morrison et al, 2012^Citation110, Grzybowska-Izydorczyk et al, 2010^Citation112, Carter et al, 2012^Citation113, Small et al, 2010^Citation114
Other cancers	Good to poor	Moderate to high	Waligorska-Stachura et al, 2012^Citation99

Figure 1 Exosomes play important roles in intercellular communication.

Notes: A tumor cell communicates with the tumor microenvironment and may be able to affect cancer cell aggressiveness as a result of the protein, RNA, and/or microRNA payload found within. One potentially important protein to the proliferative, invasive, or therapy-resistant nature of the tumor is survivin, which has been found released from cancer cells in exosomes.

Figure 2 Splicing of the human survivin premessenger RNA produces six different splice variants.

Notes: With the exception of survivin-3α and survivin-2B, survivin-WT, survivin-ΔEx3, survivin-3B, and survivin-2α are all associated with unfavorable antiapoptotic phenotypes. Survivin-2B has been shown to have either a favorable or unfavorable association, depending upon the cancer type it is expressed in, and survivin-3α has yet to be determined.
Abbreviations: WT, wild type; UTR, untranslated region.

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