Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Fluorescent Staining And Chicago Sky Blue Staining As Methods For Diagnosis Of Dermatophytosis In Hair And Nails

Figures & data

Figure 1 Microscope images of: (A) translucent, non-pigmented, septate hyaline hyphae of Trichophyton rubrum (blue arrow) in a nail sample (10% KOH stain, ×400). (B) Endothrix hair invasion, with translucent and non-pigmented spores of Trichophyton violaceum (10% KOH stain, ×100). (C) Bluish, narrow septate hyphae of Trichophyton rubrum against a pink background in a nail sample (Chicago sky blue stain, ×400). (D) Endothrix hair invasion with blue spores of Trichophyton violaceum (Chicago sky blue stain, ×100).

Figure 2 (A) Endothrix hair invasion with green, fluorescent hyphae and Trichophyton violaceum spores (Calcoflour white stain, fluorescent microscope, ×400). (B) Fluorescent septate hyphae of Trichophyton rubrum against a darker background in a nail sample (Calcoflour white stain, fluorescent microscope, ×100). (C) Anterior surface of a Trichophyton rubrum culture. (D) Reverse surface of a Trichophyton rubrum culture. (E) Microscope image of blue, thin walled Trichophyton rubrum macroconidia showing the clavate shape and multiseptate, smooth walled structure (lacto phenol cotton blue stain, ×100).

Table 1 Results Of Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stains In Comparison With KOH Wet Mount And Culture On Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar In Onychomycosis

	Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stains In Comparison With KOH Wet Mount In Onychomycosis							Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stains In Comparison With Culture On Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar In Onychomycosis
	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive Value	Accuracy	p-value		Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive Value	Accuracy	p-value
Chicago sky blue	87%	92%	89.5%	94%	90%	0.023*	Chicago sky blue	90%	86%	88%	94%	90%	0.123
Calcoflour white	97%	93%	96%	92%	94%	0.012*	Calcoflour white	98%	83%	85%	90%	92%	0.039*
KOH	78%	84%	86%	80%	82%		Culture	88%	82%	83%	87%	85%

Note: *Significant.

Table 2 Results Of Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stains In Comparison With KOH Wet Mount And Culture On Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar In Tinea Capitis

	Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stains In Comparison With KOH Wet Mount In Tinea Capitis							Chicago Sky Blue And Calcoflour White Stain In Comparison With Culture Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar In Tinea Capitis
	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive value	Accuracy	p-value		Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive Value	Accuracy	p-value
Chicago sky blue stain	94%	90%	91%	89%	92%	0.037*	Chicago sky blue	96%	88%	86%	90%	90%	0.093
Calcoflour white stain	98%	91%	95%	93%	96%	0.016*	Calcoflour white	98%	90%	92%	96%	94%	0.041*
KOH	80%	88%	90%	82%	85%		Culture	92%	86%	88%	90%	89%

Note: *Significant.