High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1

Figures & data

Table 1 Research Subject Characteristics

Variables	N=40
Age
Mean±Std	63.38±13.503
Median	64.00
Range (min-max)	29.00–86.00
Sex
Male	25 (62.5%)
Female	15 (37.5%)
Depth of invasion
Mean±Std	8.155±4.707
Median	8.544
Range (min-max)	2.554–24.791
COX-2
Negative	18 (45.0%)
Positive	22 (55.0%)
TGF-β1
Negative	16 (40.0%)
Positive	24 (60.0%)
Clark
II–III	19 (47.5%)
IV–V	21 (52.5%)
TIL
Absent	27 (67.5%)
Brisk	7 (17.5%)
Non-Brisk	6 (15.0%)
Ulceration
Positive	38 (95.0%)
Negative	2 (5.0%)

Figure 1 Result of COX-2 immunohistochemical staining.

Notes: (A) COX-2 Immunoexpression (+) strong intensities (magnification 200×). (B) COX-2 Immunoexpression (+) moderate intensities (magnification 200×). (C) COX-2 Immunoexpression (+) weak intensities (magnification 200×). (D) COX-2 Immunoexpression (−) negative intensities (magnification 200×).

Figure 2 Result of TGF-β1 immunohistochemical staining.

Notes: (A) TGF-β1 Immunoexpression (+) strong intensities (magnification 200×). (B) TGF-β1 Immunoexpression (+) moderate intensities (magnification 200×). (C) TGF-β1 Immunoexpression (+) weak intensities (magnification 200×). (D) TGF-β1 Immunoexpression (−) negative intensities (magnification 200×).

Table 2 Association of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma

Variables	Depth of Invasion	Nilai P
	Mean±Std (mm)
Age	8.155±4.707	0.783
Sex		0.639
Male	8.292±4.251
Female	7.927±5.536
COX-2		0.0001*
Negative	4.265±1.350
Positive	11.338±4.010
TGF-β1		0.0001*
Negative	4.311±1.393
Positive	10.717±4.378
Clark		0.0001*
II–III	4.604±1.731
IV–V	11.368±4.206
TIL		0.003*
Negative	9.622±4.837
Brisk	4.861±2.817
Non-Brisk	5.397±2.385
Ulceration		0.926
Positive	8.210±4.808
Negative	7.111±2.536

Note: *Significant p < 0.05.

Table 3 Association of COX-2 with TGF-β1 on Acral Melanoma

Variables	COX-2		Nilai P
	Negative	Positive
	N=18	N=22
TGF-β1			0.0001*
Negative	16 (100.0%)	2 (8.3%)
Positive	0 (0.0%)	22 (91.7%)

Note: *Significant p < 0.05.

Table 4 Multivariate Analysis of Variables Related to Depth of Invasion Based on Binary Double Linear Regression Analysis

Variable	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	P value
	B	Std. Error	Beta
COX2	5679.958	2519.201	0.608	0.031*
TGF-β1	−2085.534	2581.761	−0.220	0.425
Clark	3383.980	2069.401	0.364	0.111
TIL	−532.080	759.277	−0.085	0.488
COX2	−1196.820	2313.681	−0.056	0.608

Note: *Significant p < 0.05.