Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Medina: A Case-Control Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of Sociodemographic Characteristics According to the Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Study Data	Overall n (%) (n=592)	Acne Vulgaris
		Case n (%) (n = 296)	Control n (%) (n = 296)	P-value
Sex
Male	192 (32.4%)	96 (32.4%)	96 (32.4%)	1.000
Female	400 (67.6%)	200 (67.6%)	200 (67.6%)
Age group
12–22 years	220 (37.2%)	110 (37.2%)	111 (37.5%)
23–33 years	253 (42.7%)	127 (42.9%)	125 (42.2%)	0.986
34–60 years	119 (20.1%)	59 (19.9%)	60 (20.3%)
Nationality
Saudi	564 (95.3%)	285 (96.3%)	279 (94.3%)	0.245
Non-Saudi	28 (04.7%)	11 (03.7%)	17 (05.7%)
Marital status
Never married	374 (63.2%)	211 (71.3%)	163 (55.1%)	<0.001 **
Married	218 (36.8%)	85 (28.7%)	133 (44.9%)
Educational level
High school or lower	160 (27.0%)	89 (30.1%)	71 (24.0%)	0.096
Bachelor’s degree	432 (73.0%)	207 (69.9%)	225 (76.0%)

Notes: The p values were calculated using the chi-square test. **Significant at p < 0.05.

Figure 1 Shows the severity of acne vulgaris among the cases.

Table 2 Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression (HADS Score) Among the Patients with Acne Vulgaris

HADS Parameters	Overall n (%) (n = 592)	Case n (%) (n = 296)	Control n (%) (n = 296)	P-value
Anxiety score (mean ± SD)^a	7.26 ± 4.69	7.68 ± 4.90	6.85 ± 4.44	0.031 **
Level of anxiety^b
Not anxious (<8)	333 (56.3%)	156 (52.7%)	177 (59.8%)	0.082
Anxious (≥8)	259 (43.8%)	140 (47.3%)	119 (40.2%)
Depression score (mean ± SD)^a	7.44 ± 4.14	7.52 ± 4.22	7.37 ± 4.07	0.656
Level of depression^b
Not depressed (<8)	302 (51.0%)	144 (48.6%)	146 (49.3%)	0.869
Depressed (≥8)	290 (49.0%)	152 (51.4%)	150 (50.7%)

Notes: ^aP-value calculated using the independent t test. ^bP-value calculated using the chi-square test. **Significant at p < 0.05

Figure 2 Shows the correlation between anxiety score and depression score.

Table 3 Statistical Association Between Anxiety Level and Sociodemographic Characteristics Between the Patients with and Those Without Acne Vulgaris (n = 592)

Factor	Case		Control
	Anxious n (%) (n = 140)	Not Anxious n (%) (n = 156)	Anxious n (%) (n = 119)	Not Anxious n (%) (n = 177)
Sex
Male	36 (25.7%)	60 (38.5%)	35 (29.4%)	61 (34.5%)
Female	104 (74.3%)	96 (61.5%)	84 (70.6%)	116 (65.5%)
P-value^§	0.019**		0.363
Age group
12–22 years	57 (40.7%)	53 (34.0%)	48 (40.3%)	63 (35.6%)
23–33 years	55 (39.3%)	72 (46.2%)	51 (42.9%)	74 (41.8%)
34–60 years	28 (20.0%)	31 (19.9%)	20 (16.8%)	40 (22.6%)
P-value^§	0.424		0.444
Nationality
Saudi	137 (97.9%)	148 (94.9%)	115 (96.6%)	164 (92.7%)
Non-Saudi	03 (02.1%)	08 (05.1%)	04 (03.4%)	13 (07.3%)
P-value^§	0.175		0.149
Marital status
Never married	98 (70.0%)	113 (72.4%)	73 (61.3%)	90 (50.8%)
Married	42 (30.0%)	43 (27.6%)	46 (38.7%)	87 (49.2%)
P-value^§	0.644		0.075
Educational level
High school or lower	36 (25.7%)	53 (34.0%)	27 (22.7%)	44 (24.9%)
Bachelor’s degree	104 (74.3%)	103 (66.0%)	92 (77.3%)	133 (75.1%)
P-value^§	0.122		0.668

Notes: ^§P-value calculated using the chi-square test. **Significant at p < 0.05.

Table 4 Statistical Association Between Depression Level and the Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Patient with and Those Without Acne Vulgaris (n = 592)

Factor	Case		Control
	Depressed n (%) (n = 152)	Not Depressed n (%) (n = 144)	Depressed n (%) (n=150)	Not Depressed n (%) (n = 146)
Sex
Male	43 (28.3%)	53 (36.8%)	55 (36.7%)	41 (28.1%)
Female	109 (71.7%)	91 (63.2%)	95 (63.3%)	105 (71.9%)
P-value^§	0.118		0.115
Age group
12–22 years	55 (36.2%)	55 (38.2%)	53 (35.3%)	58 (39.7%)
23–33* years	63 (41.4%)	64 (44.4%)	62 (41.3%)	63 (43.2%)
34–60 years	34 (22.4%)	25 (17.4%)	35 (23.3%)	25 (17.1%)
P-value^§	0.558		0.397
Nationality
Saudi	147 (96.7%)	138 (95.8%)	142 (94.7%)	137 (93.8%)
Non-Saudi	05 (03.3%)	06 (04.2%)	08 (05.3%)	09 (06.2%)
P-value^§	0.690		0.759
Marital status
Never married	105 (69.1%)	106 (73.6%)	83 (55.3%)	80 (54.8%)
Married	47 (30.9%)	38 (26.4%)	67 (44.7%)	66 (45.2%)
P-value^§	0.389		0.926
Educational level
High school or lower	40 (26.3%)	49 (34.0%)	27 (18.0%)	44 (30.1%)
Bachelor’s degree	112 (73.7%)	95 (66.0%)	123 (82.0%)	102 (69.9%)
P-value^§	0.148		0.014 **

Notes: ^§P-value calculated using the chi-square test. **Significant at p<0.05.

Table 5 Relationship Between Acne Severity and the Anxiety and Depression Scores of the Patients with Acne Vulgaris (n = 296)

Severity of Acne	Acne Group
	Anxiety Median (n = 296)	F-test; P-value ^§	Depression Median (n = 296)	F-test; P-value ^§
Mild	7 (4–10)	p-0.138	5 (3–10)	p-0.175
Moderate	6.5 (3.75–11)		5(3–8)
Severe	9 (5–13)		7(4–10)

Note: ^§P-value calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test.