Serum Intestinal Metabolites are Raised in Patients with Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1 Scoring Criteria of PASI

Symptoms	0	1	2	3	4
Erythema	None	Slightly reddish	Red, not deep	Markedly reddened	Extremely reddened
Scales	None	Very fine scales covering<50%	Fine scales covering>50%	Coarse scales covering>50%	Very coarse scales covering>50%
Thickness	None	Mild 0.25 mm	Moderate 0.5 mm	Severe 1 mm	Very severe 1.25 mm
Area	0=None	1=1%-9%	2=10%-29%	3=30–49%
		4=50–69%	5=70–89%	6=90–100%

Note: PASI adapted from: Fredriksson T, Pettersson U. Severe psoriasis – oral therapy with a new retinoid. Dermatologica. 1978;157(4):238-244.⁴⁶

Abbreviation: PASI, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population

Characteristics	HC n=60	Ps n=100	MetS n=100	Ps+MetS n=80
Gender
Male (%)	31(51.7)	68(68)	67(67)	58(72.6)
Female (%)	29(48.3)	32(32)	33(33)	22(27.4)
Age (M ± SD)	47 ± 14.75	41.33 ± 12.51	61.19 ± 12.51	43.65 ± 14.52
Biochemical index (M ± SD)
LDL (mmol/L)	2.45 ± 0.66	2.73 ± 0.73	2.53 ± 0.89	2.89 ± 1.23*
HDL (mmol/L)	1.25 ± 0.30	1.17 ± 0.30	1.11 ± 0.28**	1.17 ± 0.31
CHO (mmol/L)	4.23 ± 0.81	4.45 ± 0.93	4.21 ± 1.10	4.69 ± 0.99*
TG (mmol/L)	1.18 ± 0.47	1.60 ± 1.10**	1.51 ± 0.97	2.25 ± 1.48***^###
BG (mmol/L)	4.94 ± 0.75	5.05 ± 0.79	7.05 ± 2.27***^###	5.57 ± 1.89*
Cr (μmol/L)	61.35±13.67	65.32 ± 15.81	78.56 ± 25.6***^###	65.11 ± 13.75
UA (μmol/L)	324.85±99.314.00	391.76±102.63***	349.98±114.98^##	387.42±125.43**
BUN(mmol/L)	± 1.09	4.51 ± 1.43	6.96 ± 2.37***^###	4.04 ± 1.31

Notes: *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.01, compared to HC. ^##P< 0.01, ^###P< 0.01, compared to Ps.

Abbreviations: HC, healthy volunteers; Ps, psoriasis; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Ps+MetS, psoriasis with metabolic syndrome.

Table 3 Intestinal Metabolites of the Study Population

Metabolites (ng/ml)	HC (M ± SD)	Ps (M ± SD)	MetS (M ± SD)	Ps + MetS (M ± SD)
TMAO	1.98 ± 0.91	6.27 ± 2.92***	10.25 ± 5.49^###	3.10 ± 1.83^###
Carnitine	50.18 ± 11.32	44.20 ± 7.93***	42.52 ± 11.46	51.32 ± 9.45^###
Betaine	16.27 ± 6.78	55.94 ± 15.83***	40.64 ± 15.10^###	32.34 ± 7.50^###
Choline	8.99 ± 2.27	10.25 ± 2.14	13.20 ± 4.74^###	8.50 ± 2.79^###

Notes: ***P< 0.01, compared to HC. ^###P< 0.01, compared to Ps.

Abbreviation: TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.

Figure 1 Correlation between several intestinal metabolites and PASI score. (A) TMAO had a positive correlation with PASI score (r = 0.4237, P < 0.001); (B) Betaine had a positive correlation with PASI score (r = 0.2533, P = 0.0049); (C) Carnitine had no correlation with PASI score (r = −0.3852, P = 0.6736); (D) Choline had a negative correlation with PASI score (r = −0.1799, P = 0.0473).

Fredriksson T, Pettersson U. Severe psoriasis – oral therapy with a new retinoid. Dermatologica. 1978;157(4):238–244.

 PubMedGoogle Scholar