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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Wound Healing Properties of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern. (Asteraceae)

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, &
Pages 279-299 | Received 31 Oct 2022, Accepted 24 Jan 2023, Published online: 28 Jan 2023

Figures & data

Table 1 Formula for the Preparation of Simple Ointment

Table 2 Effect of Ointments Formulated from 80% Methanol Extract on Percentage Wound Contraction in Mice

Figure 1 Photograph of excision wound model on day 0.

Figure 1 Photograph of excision wound model on day 0.

Figure 2 Photograph of excision wound test result for negative control (A), ME 2.5% (B), ME 5% (C) and 2% nitrofurazone (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J), HF 2.5% (K), and HF 5% (L) respectively, on day 8.

Figure 2 Photograph of excision wound test result for negative control (A), ME 2.5% (B), ME 5% (C) and 2% nitrofurazone (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J), HF 2.5% (K), and HF 5% (L) respectively, on day 8.

Figure 3 Photograph of excision wound test result for negative control (A), ME 2.5% (B), ME 5% (C) and 2% nitrofurazone (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J), HF 2.5% (K), and HF 5% (L) respectively, on the day of wound closure for each group.

Figure 3 Photograph of excision wound test result for negative control (A), ME 2.5% (B), ME 5% (C) and 2% nitrofurazone (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J), HF 2.5% (K), and HF 5% (L) respectively, on the day of wound closure for each group.

Table 3 Effect of Ointments Formulated from Solvent Fraction on Percentage Wound Contraction in Mice

Table 4 Effect of Topical Application of the Ointment Formulated from 80% Methanol Extract of the Leaves of V. auriculifera on the Epithelialization Period

Table 5 Effect of Topical Application of the Ointment Formulated from Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Vernonia auriculifera on the Epithelialization Period

Table 6 Effect of Topical Application of the Ointment Formulated from 80% Methanol Extract of the Leaves of V. auriculifera on Tensile Strength of Incision Wound

Figure 4 Photograph of Incision wound on day 0.

Figure 4 Photograph of Incision wound on day 0.

Table 7 Effect of Topical Application of the Ointment Formulated from Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of V. auriculifera on Tensile Strength of Incision Wound

Table 8 Histopathological Grading Score for Different Histomorphological Changes

Figure 5 Histological view (100x) of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained skin sections of mice treated with nitrofurazone (A), simple ointment (B), ME 2.5% (C), ME 5% (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J).

Notes: Asterisk: re-epithelialization, blue arrow: inflammatory cell infiltration.
Abbreviations: RE, re-epithelialization; IC, inflammatory cell infiltration.
Figure 5 Histological view (100x) of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained skin sections of mice treated with nitrofurazone (A), simple ointment (B), ME 2.5% (C), ME 5% (D), EAF 2.5% (E), EAF 5% (F), MEF 2.5% (G), MEF 5% (H), AQF 2.5% (I), AQF 5% (J).

Table 9 Estimated Level of Hydroxyproline in Excision Wounds

Figure 6 Calibration curve for concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mL).

Figure 6 Calibration curve for concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mL).

Figure 7 Free radical scavenging activity (%) of 80% methanol leaf extract and solvent fractions of V. auriculifera.

Figure 7 Free radical scavenging activity (%) of 80% methanol leaf extract and solvent fractions of V. auriculifera.

Table 10 Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of MEF, EAF & AQF of V. auriculifera

Figure 8 (A) Calibration curve for concentration of gallic acid (μg/mL). (B) Calibration curve for concentration of quercetin (mg/mL).

Figure 8 (A) Calibration curve for concentration of gallic acid (μg/mL). (B) Calibration curve for concentration of quercetin (mg/mL).