https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-1741
Figures & data
Figure 1 An alphabetical listing of the aesthetic concerns of the lower face and neck in clinical practice.
Figure 2 Considerations for initial clinical evaluation of patients for aesthetic treatment of the lower face and neck.
Figure 3 Nonsurgical treatment options for the lower face and neck.
Figure 4 (A) Decision tree illustrating considerations for initial clinical evaluation of patient candidacy for surgical correction of lower face/neck; (B) case example of a Hispanic female, 59 years of age, with neck and lower facial aesthetic concerns, which may be most effectively addressed by a combination of nonsurgical (eg, chin retrusion and poorly defined gonial angle) and surgical treatment (eg, skin laxity, mandibular bone loss, blunted mandibular angle, and prominent melomental folds, jowls, and submental fat). Photos courtesy of V. Bertucci, MD.
Figure 5 Decision tree illustrating considerations for clinical evaluation of patient candidacy for initial midface treatment.
Figure 6 (A) Decision tree illustrating considerations for clinical evaluation of structural bone deficiency in the lower face of patients; (B) case example of a female patient 53 years of age with structural bone deficiency in the lower face. Photos courtesy of D. Li, MD.
Figure 7 Continued.
Figure 7 (A) Decision tree illustrating additional considerations for clinical evaluation of aesthetic concerns and potential treatments in the lower face/neck; (B) case example of female patient 44 years of age with masseter muscle hypertrophy, parotid hypertrophy, skin quality issues, chin retrusion, and excess fat. Photos courtesy of D. Li, MD.
Figure 8 Case example of Caucasian male patient 32 years of age treated for aesthetic concerns in the lower face and neck (A) before treatment and (B) 60 days after filler treatment to address structural bone deficiency. The patient received hyaluronic acid injections (Juvederm® Volux™, Voluma™, and Volift™; Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA) in the lower face according to the schematic shown in (C). Photos courtesy of D. Coimbra, MD.
