Development of Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation: Establishment of Efficacy Evaluation System

Figures & data

Figure 1 Home beauty devices for facial rejuvenation utilize technologies including radiofrequency (RF), LED, and microcurrent. These technologies provide thermal, light, and electric stimulation to different layers of the skin.

Table 1 Summary of 9 Clinical Trials on Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation Based on Radiofrequency (RF) Technology

Equipment	Empirical Method	Experimental Subject	Experimental Sample Size	Experimental Period	Follow-up Cycle	Experimental Result	Untoward Effect	Patient Evaluation
TriPollar^Citation13	RCT	Human skin samples	8	5 min	Not mentioned	The collagen increased significantly in the experimental group after UV aging	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
TriPollar^Citation14	Non-RCT	Abdomen, face, neck, and arms	12	Personalized treatment 4–11 times according to different sites	Not mentioned	Skin tightening and mean dermal thickness increased after treatment	Transient erythema	Mean satisfaction level 3.75 (5-point assessment)
TriPollar^Citation15	RCT	Abdominal, leg	24	Treatment is given 2–3 times per week for 12 weeks	Week 6 and 12 week after treatment initiation	Adipocytes appeared with increased collagen, decreased abdominal skin laxity, and decreased thigh dimensions	Not mentioned	The average satisfaction rate was 2.9 (5 Assessment)
TriPollar^Citation16	Non-RCT	Face	37	8 Treatments	Week 4 and 12 after completion of treatment	Fitzpatrick Blind score, the mean score before and after treatment decreased by 2.42 and 1.55, respectively	Mild transient erythema was noted	89% of subjects reached or to some extent reached the expected values
TriPollar^Citation17	Non-RCT	Face	23	183 treatments per week	Week 6 and 12 week after treatment initiation	The volume of perioral and periorbital wrinkles decreased by 19% and 41%	Mild transient erythema was noted	Mean satisfaction 3.55 (5-point assessment)
Newa^Citation18	Non-RCT	Face	45	Week 1–4, 5 times a week	Week 4.8, and 12 week after treatment initiation	Improved skin tightness and luster (P <0.05); improved jaw line, skin elasticity, and wrinkles (P> 0.05)	No adverse reactions were seen	Not described
				Week 5–12, 2 times a week
Newa^Citation20	Non-RCT	Face	20	Once a day for four weeks	Week 2.4, and 6 week after treatment initiation	There was significant improvement in pigmentation, wrinkles, and no change in melanin and erythema levels	No adverse reactions were seen	Not described
Newa^Citation19	Non-RCT	Face	62	5 times per week for 4 weeks	Week 4.8, and 12 week after treatment initiation	Wrinkles improved significantly, and the Fitzpatrick blinded assessment score was statistically significant	Mild transient erythema and redness were noted	Not described
DermaWand^Citation21	RCT	Face	50	One treatment	After treatment	The distance from the eyebrow to the hairline decreased by 1.338 ± cm after treatment	No adverse reactions	Not described

Table 2 Summary of 4 Clinical Trials on Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation Based on LED Technology

Equipment	Empirical Method	Experimental Subject	Experimental Sample Size	Experimental Period	Follow-up Cycle	Experimental Result	Untoward Effect	Patient Evaluation
Para.L Derma LED Mask^Citation26	Non-RCT	Human face	24	Twice a week for 8 weeks	Week 2,4,6, and 8	Skin elasticity and moisture were significantly higher in the LED group than in the control group, and the skin texture was improved	No adverse reactions	Not described
REPAIR^Citation25	Non-RCT	Human face	33	Once a day for 28 days	After 4 weeks	Reduced facial wrinkles and enhanced skin gloss	Mild erythema	Not described
Ommilux^Citation27	Non-RCT	Human face	22	Twice a week for 4 weeks	Week 6.9, and 12	Facial fine lines and wrinkles were significantly improved, and the facial elasticity and tightness were increased	No adverse reactions	Not described
Ommilux^Citation28	Non-RCT	Human face	23	3 times a week for 3 weeks	Week 3.8, and 12	Blind assessment of improved skin texture and fine lines after treatment	No adverse reactions	95% of subjects reported significant skin changes after treatment
Ommilux^Citation29	Non-RCT	Human face	23	A total of 9 times	Week 6.9, and 12	Better skin tone and improved skin smoothness	No adverse reactions	Not described

Table 3 Summary of 1 Clinical Trial on Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation Based on Microcurrent Technology

Equipment	Empirical Method	Experimental Subject	Experimental Sample Size	Experimental Period	Follow-up Cycle	Experimental Result	Untoward Effect	Patient Evaluation
Slendertone Face^Citation30	RCT	Human face	108	5 times per week for 12 weeks	Week 6 and 12	The gloss and wrinkles in the experimental group improved significantly better than that in the control group, and the muscle thickness increased	Mild erythema	Positive effect in 80% of subjects

Table 4 Summary of 3 Clinical Trials on Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation Based on the Combination of Multiple Technologies

Equipment	Empirical Method	Experimental Subject	Experimental Sample Size	Experimental Period	Follow-up Cycle	Experimental Result	Untoward Effect	Patient Evaluation
TriPollar^Citation34	Non-RCT	Human face	11	6 treatments	Week 4 and 12	Skin fine lines, firmness, and brightness were significantly improved	No adverse reactions	Not described
YA—MAN^Citation35	RCT	Human face	33	5 times per week for the first 8 weeks	Week 2,4,8 and 12	In the severity of wrinkles (crow’s feet, interlines) and facial sagging	No adverse reactions	Not described
				3 times per week for the next 4 weeks
Silk ‘n^Citation36	Non-RCT	Human face	30	2 days once, a total of 21 times	Week 4 and 8	Fitzpatrick The average reduction of the blind assessment score was 1.49 points	Transient erythema and oedema	Not described

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