A new Vitreoscilla filiformis extract grown on spa water-enriched medium activates endogenous cutaneous antioxidant and antimicrobial defenses through a potential Toll-like receptor 2/protein kinase C, zeta transduction pathway

Figures & data

Figure 1 Full genome expression studies using Skinethic Laboratories (Lyon, France) reconstructed human epidermises (RHEs) stimulated for 18 hours with Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass (VFB). (A) Systemic incubation of 0.1% VFB with RHE; (B) topical application of 1% VFB on RHE.

Abbreviations: DEFB4, defensin, beta 4; S100A7, S100 calcium-binding protein A7; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; std, standard; VFB, Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass.

Table 1 Calculated fold changes between systemic and topical treatments with Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass (VFB) on a selection of genes

Gene	Log2 fold change after systemic incubation with VFB 0.1% for 18 hours	Log2 fold change after topical application of VFB 1% for 18 hours
SOD2	×4.5	×3.2
S100A7	×4.4	×2.8
DEFB4	×5.4	×2.6
KRT7	×5.7	×2.1

Abbreviations:DEFB, defensin, beta 4; S100A7, S100 calcium-binding protein A7; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; KRT7, keratin 7.

Table 2 Comparative modulation of mRNA coding for antioxidant and antimicrobial proteins using VFB batches grown on osmosed water medium or on LRP-TSW enriched medium

	VFB	LRP-VFB
SOD2	10.02	11.67
NQO1	0.39	0.31
HMOX1	0.75	0.75
DEFB4	2.64	18.77
S100A7	4.65	16.77

Abbreviations:DEFB, defensin, beta 4; S100A7, S100 calcium-binding protein A7; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; HMOX1, heme oxygenase (decycling) 1; NQO1, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1; LRP, La Roche-Posay; VFB, Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass; TSW, thermal spa waters; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid.

Figure 2 PROPAGAPATH (Helios Biosciences, Romainville, France) analysis indicates that PKCζ is a potential transducer of the Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass (VFB) activity of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in skin included in the minimal signaling pathway connecting TLR2 activation to interleukin 8 (IL8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) induction.

Abbreviations: FOS, proto oncogene c-Fos; IRAK1, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88); NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PML1, promyelocytic leukemia protein-1; PRKCz, protein kinase C, zeta; PRKR, protein kinase R; SP1, specificity protein 1; SRC1, steroid receptor coactivator 1; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLRAP, toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6.

Figure 3 Protein kinase C, zeta (PKCz) transduces Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass (VFB)-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 μg/mL) signaling into normal human epidermal keratinocytes. expression-level fold changes in percentage change (100% steady-state level; 200% double expression) for PKCz, TLR2, CCL20, and IL8 in keratinocytes in response to VFB-derived LPS.

Abbreviations: CCL20, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20; IL8, interleukin 8; TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2.