Combination of new multifunctional molecules for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea disorder

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of RGC active on interleukin-8 (IL-8) release from normal human keratinocytes.

Notes: Human keratinocytes were pretreated with RGC at 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% for 24 hours and then incubated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) at 1 ng/mL during 24 hours. IL-8 release was assessed using Quantikine assay. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Significance was determined by Student’s t-test. *Corresponding to the statistical significance calculated with P<0.01.
Abbreviation: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C).

Figure 2 Effect of RGC on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) release from normal human keratinocytes under stimulated condition.

Notes: Human keratinocytes were pretreated with RGC at 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% for 24 hours and then incubated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at 500 ng/mL during 24 hours. TNF alpha release was assessed using Quantikine assay. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Significance was determined by Student’s t-test. *Corresponding to the statistical significance calculated with P<0.01.
Abbreviation: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C).

Figure 3 Effect of RGC on histamine release from mast cells under normal and stimulated conditions.

Notes: Mast cells were pretreated with RGC at 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% for 30 minutes and then incubated with substance P at 50 µM for 15 minutes. Histamine release was assessed using ELISA assay. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Significance was determined by Student’s t-test. *Corresponding to the statistical significance calculated with P<0.05 and **with P<0.01. Stimulated condition was done using substance P.
Abbreviations: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C); ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Figure 4 Effect of RGC on VEGF release from keratinocytes.

Notes: Human keratinocytes were pretreated with RGC at 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% for 24 hours and then incubated with IL-1 beta at 1 ng/mL during 24 hours. VEGF release was assessed using ELISA assay. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n=3). Significance was determined by Student’s t-test. *Corresponding to the statistical significance calculated with P<0.05 and **with P<0.01.
Abbreviations: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C); VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IL, interleukin; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Figure 5 Effect of RGC on the angiogenesis process in vitro.

Notes: Skin endothelial cells (HSkMEC) were treated or not with RGC at 2.5% and seeded on Matrigel™. Scale bars represent 100 µm.
Abbreviation: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C).

Figure 6 Pictures showing the skin condition of four volunteers before and after 2% RGC serum (active) or placebo treatment during 28 days (Siagraphs).

Abbreviations: RGC, rosmarinic acid glucoside (R), gallic acid glucoside (G), and caffeic acid glucoside (C); D, day; no, number.