The Effect of Silver, Zinc Oxide, and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used as Final Irrigation Solutions on the Fracture Resistance of Root-Filled Teeth

Figures & data

Figure 1 The schematic representation of the specimen preparation procedures. (A) The crown of a premolar tooth was sectioned and removed. (B) The instrumentation of the root was performed using the ProTaper NiTi rotary system. (C) The final irrigation protocol was performed according to the experimental group. (D) The root was obturated. (E) The roots were embedded in the self-curing acrylic resin block. (F) The fracture resistance was measured.

Table 1 The Mean Fracture Resistance Values ± Standard Deviations (N) of the Experimental Groups

Group	Final Irrigation Procedures	Fracture Resistance
1	Normal saline (control)	871.60 ± 52^a
2	CHX	861.20 ± 91^a
3	EDTA + NaOCl	636.90 ± 89^b
4	EDTA + SNP	1146.50 ± 81^c
5	EDTA + TNP	1276.70 ± 193^c
6	EDTA + ZNP	1055.90 ± 112^c

Note: Different superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).

Abbreviations: CHX, chlorhexidine; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite; SNP, silver nanoparticle; TNP, titanium dioxide nanoparticle; ZNP, zinc oxide nanoparticle.