The Underestimated Problem of Intra-Oral Halitosis in Dental Practice: An Expert Consensus Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Tongue coating.

Figure 2 Winkel Tongue Coating Index.^48,49 The dorsum of the tongue is divided into sections and the amount of tongue coating is graded subjectively (0–2) for each section. The total score, ranging from 0 to 12, is calculated by adding the scores for each individual section.

Figure 3 Schematic flowchart for the classification and diagnosis of halitosis.

Note: Adapted from Seemann R, Conceicao MD, Filippi A, et al. Halitosis management by the general dental practitioner–results of an international consensus workshop. J Breath Res. 2014;8(1):017101. Creative commons license and disclaimer available from: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.⁵

Abbreviation: ENT, ear, nose, throat.

Figure 4 Simple, step-wise approach for the management of intra-oral halitosis in a general dental practice.

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Seemann R, Conceicao MD, Filippi A, et al. Halitosis management by the general dental practitioner–results of an international consensus workshop. J Breath Res. 2014;8(1):017101. doi:10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/017101

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