The Crucial Role of Plaque Control in Peri-Implant Mucositis Initiation as Opposed to the Role of Systemic Health Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 STORBE chart for patient flow and patient’s selection.

Table 1 Descriptive Numbers of Patients and Implants Characteristics That Participated in the Research

	Numbers			Percentages
	Group A	Group B	Total	Group A	Group B	Total
Male	15	17	32	25.862%	29.310%	55.172%
Female	14	12	26	24.138%	20.690%	44.828%
Sum. of patients	29	29	58	50%	50%	100%
PD 3.6, L 10mm	7	4	11	8.333%	4.762%	13.095%
PD 3.6, L 12mm	5	5	10	5.952%	5.952%	11.905%
PD 3.6, L 14mm	3	3	6	3.571%	3.571%	7.143%
PD 4, L 12mm	6	10	16	7.143%	11.905%	19.048%
PD 4, L 10mm	8	11	19	9.524%	13.095%	22.619%
PD 4.5 10mm	6	5	11	7.143%	5.952%	13.095%
PD 4.5 12mm	2	1	3	2.381%	1.190%	3.571%
PD 5, L 8mm	5	3	8	5.952%	3.571%	9.524%
Sum of implants	42	42	84	50%	50%	100%

Notes: Group A: systemically healthy patients, group B: patients with hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus.

Abbreviations: PD, platform diameter size; L, length.

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of Plaque Index, Implant Mucosal Index, Probing Pocket Depth and Bleeding on Probing for Two Groups When Each Implant Was Considered a Sample

	Plaque Index		Implant Mucosal Index		Probing Pocket Depth		Bleeding on Probing
	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B
Number of samples	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42
Mean	1.2619	1.2381	1.3571	1.1667	5.2381	4.8333	0.7143	0.4524
Mean rank	43.00	42.00	45.61	39.39	48.64	36.36	–	–
Sum of ranks	1806.00	1764.00	1915.50	1654.50	36.36	1527.00	–	–
Median	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	5.0000	5.0000	1.0000	0.0000
Variance	0.198	0.186	0.235	0.386	0.576	0.728	0.209	0.254
Std. Deviation	0.44500	0.43108	0.48497	0.62143	0.75900	0.85302	0.45723	0.50376
Minimum	1.00	1.00	1.00	0	4.00	4.00	0.00	0.00
Maximum	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	7.00	7.00	1.00	1.00
Range	1.00	1.00	1.00	2.00	3.00	3.00	1.00	1.00
Standard Error of Mean	0.06867	0.06652	0.07483	0.09589	0.11712	0.13162	0.07055	0.07773

Notes: Group A: systemically healthy patient, group B: patients with hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Descriptive Statistics of Plaque Index, Implant Mucosal Index, Probing Pocket Depth and Bleeding on Probing for the Two Groups When Patients are Considered as Samples

	Plaque Index		Implant Mucosal Index		Probing Pocket Depth		Bleeding on Probing
	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B	Group A	Group B
Number of samples	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29
Mean	1.2586	1.2184	1.3448	1.1667	5.3103	4.7529	0.7586	0.4828
Mean rank	29.86	29.14	32.34	26.66	35.17	23.83	–	–
Sum of ranks	866.00	845.00	938.00	773.00	1020.00	691.00	–	–
Median	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	5.0000	5.0000	1.0000	0.0000
Variance	0.172	0.133	0.216	0.250	0.561	0.614	0.190	0.259
Std. Deviation	0.41449	0.36489	0.46490	0.50000	0.74897	0.78379	0.43549	0.50855
Minimum	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	4.00	4.00	0.00	0.00
Maximum	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	7.00	6.50	1.00	1.00
Range	1.00	1.00	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.50	1.00	1.00
Standard Error of Mean	0.07697	0.06776	0.08633	0.09285	0.13908	0.14555	0.08087	0.09443

Notes: Group A: systemically healthy patients, group B: patients with hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Probing around the healing abutment to measure IMI and PI using a CPITN periodontal probe.

Figure 3 Measuring the pocket depth around healing abutment.

Figure 4 The PI of group A and group B.

Table 4 Mann–Whitney Test for Means of Plaque Index (PI), Implant Mucosal Index (IMI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) Comparison Between Group A and Group B (Each Sample Represents an Implant)

Statistical Test	PI	IMI	PPD
Mann–Whitney U	861.000	751.500	624.000
Wilcoxon W	1764.000	1654.500	1527.000
Z	−0.250	−1.367	−2.457
P value	0.802	0.172	0.014

Table 5 Mann–Whitney Test for Means of Plaque Index (PI), Implant Mucosal Index (IMI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) Comparison Between Group A and Group B (Each Sample Represents a Patient)

Statistical Test	PI	IMI	PPD
Mann–Whitney U	410.000	338.000	256.000
Wilcoxon W	845.000	773.000	691.000
Z	−0.200	−1.509	−2.671
P value	0.841	0.131	0.008

Figure 5 Means of IMI of group A and group B.

Figure 6 Means of probing pocket depth of group A and group B.

Table 6 Chi-Square Test for Bleeding on Probing Means of the Two Groups A and B (Each Sample Represents an Implant)

	Value	df	P-value	Exact Sig. (2-Sided)	Exact Sig. (1-Sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	5.927	1	0.015
Continuity Correction	4.898	1	0.027
Likelihood Ratio	6.007	1	0.014
Fisher’s Exact Test				0.026	0.013
Linear-by-Linear Association	5.856	1	0.016
N of Valid Cases	84

Table 7 Chi-Square Test for Bleeding on Probing Means of the Two Groups A and B (Each Sample Represents a Patient)

	Value	df	P-value	Exact Sig. (2-Sided)	Exact Sig. (1-Sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	4.687	1	0.030
Continuity Correction	3.588	1	0.058
Likelihood Ratio	4.770	1	0.029
Fisher’s Exact Test				0.057	0.029
Linear-by-Linear Association	4.606	1	0.032
N of Valid Cases	84

Figure 7 Means of BOP of groups A and B.