Influence of Tucupi on Enamel Surface Roughness, Microhardness, Ultramorphology and Mass Variation

Figures & data

Table 1 Groups Division

Analysis	Groups and Sample Size	Analysis reading Time
Microhardness and roughness	G1 - Tucupi (n:16) G2- Cola-based soft drink (n:16) G3- Distilled water (n:16)	T0- before any intervention; T10- 10 days after the proposed treatments; T20- 20 days after the proposed treatment; T30- after 30 days of the proposed treatments.
SEM*	G1 - Tucupi (n:4) G2- Cola-based soft drink (n:4) G3- Distilled water (n:4)
Mass measurement	G1 - Tucupi (n:10) G2- Cola-based soft drink (n:10) G3- Distilled water (n:10)

Abbreviation: *SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Table 2 Description of Materials According to Manufacturer and Composition

Product	Manufacturer	Composition
Artificial Saliva	A Fórmula - Manipulation Pharmacy, Belém, PA, Brazil.	Sodium bicarbonate 2190mg, potassium phosphate 1270mg, magnesium chloride 125mg, calcium chloride 441mg, potassium chloride 820mg, sodium fluoride 4.5mg, nipazole 100mg, sorbitol 24mg, carboxymethylcellulose 8mg, distilled water 1000mL.
Tucupi vovó da floresta	Agroindustry São Francisco do Itá ltda. Rodovia PA 140, km 15. Santa Isabel. do Pará – Pa.	Yellow manioc sap, water, garlic vine, chicory, salt and basil.
Cola-based refrigerant	The Coca- cola Company	Carbonated water, sugar, kola nut extract, caffeine, caramel IV color, phosphoric acid acidulant, natural flavoring.
Distilled water	ASFER Chemical industry Ltda	Chemically pure water free from soluble salts.

Table 3 Mean (Standard Deviation) of Knoop Microhardness as a Function of Exposure Times for the Tested Groups

Treatment x Time	T0	T10	T20	T30
Tucupi	283.39 (±78.17)^a	213.08 (±53.69)^a	152.88 (±70.22)^b	109.67 (±36.44)^c
Cola-based soft drink	208.16 (±106.81)^a	155 (±41.18)^ab	117.53 (±36.28)^b	124.94 (±48.20)^ab
Water	308.14 (±73.66)^a	242.37 (±35.57)^b	258.17 (±61.31)^ab	261.01 (±38.88)^ab

Notes: Different lowercase letters (a, b and c) indicate intragroup statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05) (on the same line).

Table 4 Means (Standard Deviation) of Surface Roughness (Ra) According to Exposure Times for the Tested Groups

Treatment x Time	T0	T10	T20	T30
Tucupi	0.0994 (±0.05)^a	0.1565 (±0.08)^ab	0.1299 (±0.05)^ab	0.1625 (±0.04)^b
Cola-based soft drink	0.1959 (±0.09)^a	0.2335 (±0.06)^a	0.2545 (±0.03)^ab	0.2862 (±0.04)^b
Water	0.1933 (±0.07)^a	0.2016 (±0.03)^a	0.2107 (±0.03)^a	0.2124 (±0.02)^a

Notes: Different lowercase letters (a and b) indicate intragroup statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05) (on the same line).

Table 5 Means (Standard Deviation) of Mass Variation According to Exposure Times for the Tested Groups

Treatment x Time	T0	T10	T20	T30
Tucupi	0.3931 (±0.039)^a	0.3897 (±0.038)^bc	0.3856 (±0.038)^b	0.3832 (±0.038)^c
Cola-based soft drink	0.3524 (±0.072)^a	0.3493 (±0.072)^b	0.3479 (±0.071)^b	0.3449 (±0.071)^c
Water	0.4010 (±0.043)^a	0.3938 (±0.040)^a	0.3978 (±0.042)^a	0.3971 (±0.041)^a

Notes: Different lowercase letters (a, b and c) indicate intragroup statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05) (on the same line).

Figure 1 Representative images of treated enamel surfaces according to groups.