Health Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study Among Saudi Women in Jeddah

Figures & data

Figure 1 Age groups of participants (n= 94).

Figure 2 Education levels of participants (n= 94).

Table 1 Risk Factors of Participants That Affect Oral Health (N= 94)

Risk Factors	Frequency (%)
Duration of usage of oral contraceptives
Less than a year	25 (26.6%)
1–5 years	37 (39.4%)
More than 5 years	32 (34%)
Smoking
Yes	4 (4.3%)
No	90 (95.7%)
Medication other than oral contraceptives
Yes	24 (25.5%)
No	70 (74.5%)
Chronic diseases
No	78 (82.98%)
Yes	16 (17.02%)
Diabetes mellitus	5 (31.3%)
Other diseases	11 (68.7%)

Table 2 Attitude Towards Their Gingival Health (N= 94)

Attitude	Frequency (%)
Have you had any gingival diseases?
Yes	34 (36.2%)
No	60 (63.8%)
Have you ever treated gums?
Yes	23 (24.5%)
No	71 (75.5%)
Do you clean your gums at dental clinic on a regular basis?
Yes	13 (13.8%)
No	81 (86.2%)
Times of teeth brushing
One time	32 (34.0%)
Twice	47 (50.0%)
Three times	15 (16.0%)

Table 3 Oral Health After Using Oral Contraceptive (N= 94)

Oral Health	Frequency (%)
Gingival bleeding after brushing
Yes	48 (51.1%)
No	46 (48.9%)
Increase of the rate of dental caries
Yes	24 (25.5%)
No	70 (74.5%)
Oral ulcers
Yes	10 (10.6%)
No	84 (89.4%)