Prevalence, and Risk Indicators of Coronal and Root Caries in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of the Study Variables According to the Prevalence of Coronal Caries (Percentages and Mean and Standard Deviation)

	Without Caries (n=73) 32.2%	With Caries (n=154) 67.8%	P value	Total (n=227)
Sex (n=227)			0.001
Female (n=157)	38.9%	61.2%		69.2%
Male (n=70)	17.2%	82.9%		30.8%
Civil status (n=225)			0.21
Single–divorced (n=100)	26.0%	74.0%		44.4%
Married (n=47)	38.3%	61.7%		20.9%
Widowed (n=78)	35.9%	64.1%		34.7%
Schooling (n=226)			0.42
Illiterate (n=31)	22.6%	77.4%		13.7%
Incomplete primary (n=65)	30.8%	69.2%		28.8%
Complete primary–secondary (n=78)	38.5%	61.5%		34.5%
High school–college (n=52)	30.8%	69.2%		23.0%
Social security (n=222)			0.63
Social security (n=120)	32.5%	67.5%		54.1%
Government insurance (n=58)	36.2%	63.8%		26.1%
No social security (n=44)	27.3%	72.7%		19.8%
Xerostomia (n=225)			1.00
No (n=150)	32.0%	68.0%		66.7%
Yes (n=75)	32.0%	68.0%		33.3%
Smoking (n=225)			0.75
No (n=214)	31.8%	68.2%		95.1%
Yes (n=11)	36.4%	63.6%		4.9%
Use of dental services in previous 12 months (n=222)			0.22
No (n=74)	37.7%	62.3%		31.1%
Yes (n=153)	29.4%	70.6%		68.9%
Location of center (n=227)			0.0001
Mexico City (n=109)	20.2%	79.8%		48.0%
Other cities (n=118)	43.2%	56.8%		52.0%
Type of center (n=227)			0.003
Long-term care (n=163)	26.4%	73.6%		71.8%
Day care center (n=64)	46.9%	53.1%		28.2%
	Mean ±SD (median; IQR)	Mean ±SD (median; IQR)		Mean ±SD (median; IQR)
Age in years (n=225)	76.2 ±8.6	78.5 ±8.7	0.04	77.7 ±8.8
Mean percentage of surfaces with no biofilm	64.8±32.2% (73.9; 41.6) %	52.6±33.6% (60.0; 63.1) %	0.009	56.5 ±33.6% (64.3; 60.0) %
Mean percentage of surfaces with no calculus	79.3±22.4% (86.1; 29.5) %	79.9±19.4% (83.3; 22.6) %	0.64	79.7 ±20.4% (85.0; 23.6) %

Table 2 Distribution of the Study Variables According to the Prevalence of Root Caries (Percentages and Mean and Standard Deviation)

	Without Root Caries 49.3% (n=112)	With Root Caries 50.7% (n=115)	P value	Total (n=227)
Sex (n=227)			0.060
Female	53.5%	46.5%		69.2%
Male	40.0%	60.0%		30.8%
Civil status (n=225)			0.220
Single–divorced	50.0%	50.0%		44.4%
Married	59.6%	40.4%		20.9%
Widowed	43.6%	56.4%		34.7%
Schooling (n=226)			0.090
Illiterate	35.5%	64.5%		13.7%
Incomplete primary	46.2%	53.8%		28.8%
Complete primary–secondary	60.3%	39.7%		34.5%
High school–college	46.2%	53.8%		23.0%
Social security (n=222)			<0.001
Social security	60.8%	39.2%		54.1%
Government insurance	44.8%	55.2%		26.1%
No social security	25.0%	75.0%		19.8%
Xerostomia (n=225)			1.000
No	49.3%	50.7%		66.7%
Yes	49.3%	50.7%		33.3%
Smoking (n=225)			0.030
No	50.9%	49.1%		95.1%
Yes	18.2%	81.8%		4.9%
Use of dental services in previous 12 months (n=222)			0.470
No	46.4%	53.6%		31.1%
Yes	51.6%	48.4%		68.9%
Location of center (n=227)			<0.001
Mexico City	35.8%	64.2%		48.0%
Other cities	61.9%	38.1%		52.0%
Type of center (n=227)			<0.001
Long-term care	41.1%	58.9%		71.8%
Day care center	70.3%	29.7%		28.2%
Coronal caries (n=227)			<0.001
No	69.9%	30.1%		32.2%
Yes	39.6%	60.4%		67.8%
	Mean ±SD (median; IQR)	Mean ±SD (median; IQR)		Mean ±SD (median; IQR)
Age in years	75.7±8.8	79.7±8.3	0.0003	77.7 ±8.8
Percentage of surfaces with no biofilm	63.2±32.0% (70.7; 42.2) %	50.0 ±34.0% (56.9; 64.6) %	0.004	56.5 ±33.6% (64.3; 60.0) %
Percentage of surfaces with no calculus	82.3±19.1% (86.2; 20.4) %	77.1±21.2% (83.3; 29.0) %	0.050	79.7 ±20.4% (85.0; 23.6) %
Retainers in contact with surfaces with gingival recession	0.40 ±1.3% (0.0; 0.0) %	0.74±1.3% (0.0; 1.0) %	0.010	0.57±1.3% (0.0; 1.0) %
Surfaces with recession	12.8±12.5% (11.0; 14.5) %	20.9±17.6% (17.0; 19.0) %	<0.001	16.9±15.8% (14.0; 18.0) %

Table 3 Crude and Adjusted Logistic Regression Models for the Association Between Coronal Caries and Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables (n = 225)

Variables	Crude Model			Adjusted Model
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age	1.03	0.99–1.06	0.08	1.00	0.96–1.00	0.90
Sex
Female (reference)	1			1		0.04
Male	3.10	1.50–6.20	0.002	2.30	1.10–5.00
Civil status
Single–divorced.	1			1		0.65
Married	0.56	0.27–1.20	0.13	1.30	0.48–3.30	0.85
Widowed	0.63	0.33–1.10	0.16	1.10	0.49–2.40
Utilization of services
No (reference)	1			1
Yes	1.40	0.79–2.60	0.22	1.30	0.66–2.50	0.46
Location of center						0.01
Other cities (reference)	1			1
Mexico City	3.00	1.70–5.40	<0.001	3.00	1.30–6.80
Type of center
Long-term center (reference)	1			1
Day care center	0.41	0.22–0.74	0.003	0.98	0.39–2.50	0.97
Percentage of surfaces with no plaque	0.99	0.98–0.99	0.01	0.98	0.97–0.99	0.02
Percentage of surfaces with no calculus	1.0	0.98–1.00	0.84	1.02	1.001–1.04	0.03

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Table 4 Crude and Adjusted Logistic Regression Models for the Association Between Root Caries and Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables (n = 219)

Variables	Crude Model			Adjusted Model
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age	1.06	1.02–1.08	0.001	1.02	0.98–1.10	0.400
Sex
Female (reference)	1			1
Male	1.7	0.90–3.00	0.060	0.74	0.34–1.60	0.440
Civil status
Single–divorced	1			1
Married	0.68	0.37–1.40	0.280	2.40	0.81–7.20	0.110
Widowed	1.30	0.71–2.30	0.390	2.80	1.20–6.90	0.020
Utilization of services
No (reference)	1			1		0.048
Yes	0.81	0.45–1.40	0.450	0.45	0.20–0.99
Location of center
Other cities (reference)	1			1
Mexico City	2.90	1.70–5.00	<0.001	1.20	0.48–3.20	0.650
Type of center
Long-term center (reference)	1			1
Day care center	0.29	0.15–0.55	<0.001	0.52	0.18–1.50	0.250
Social security
Social security (reference)	1			1
Government insurance	1.90	1.00–3.60	0.040	1.10	1.10–5.40	0.030
No social security	4.60	2.10–10.10	0.000	4.90	1.80–13.90	0.002
Schooling
Illiterate (reference)	1			1
Incomplete primary	0.64	0.26–1.60	0.32	0.57	0.18–1.70	0.320
Complete primary–secondary	0.36	0.15–0.86	0.02	0.34	0.11–1.00	0.060
High school–college	0.64	0.25–1.60	0.34	0.85	0.27–2.80	0.800
Smoking
No (reference)	1			1
Yes	4.70	0.90–22.10	0.05	3.30	0.55–20.20	0.190
Retainers in contact with surfaces with gingival recession	1.20	0.99–1.60	0.060	1.50	1.10–1.90	0.004
Surfaces with recession	1.04	1.02–1.06	<0.001	1.02	0.99–1.05	0.070
Coronal caries No (reference)	1			1
Yes	3.50	1.90–6.40	<0.001	3.40	1.60–7.30	0.001
Percentage of surfaces with no plaque	0.99	0.98–0.99	0.004	0.99	0.98–1.00	0.560
Percentage of surfaces with no calculus	0.99	0.97–1.0	0.060	0.99	0.98–1.10	0.610

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.