Effects of resistant maltodextrin on bowel movements: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Search formula

International database site: CENTRAL, PubMed

“resistant maltodextrin”

“resistant dextrin”

“indigestible dextrin”

Japanese database site: I-Chu-Shi Web, CiNii

“nan-syoka-sei-dekisutorin” AND “seicho”

“nan-syoka-sei-dekisutorin” AND “haiben”

“nan-syoka-sei-dekisutorin” AND “bentsu”

Notes: “nan-syoka-sei-dekisutorin,” [resistant maltodextrin]; “seicho,” [intestinal regulation]; “haiben,” [bowel movement]; “bentsu,” [laxation].

Abbreviations: CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CiNii, Citations Index Portal; I-Chu-Shi Web, Japan Medical Abstracts Society.

Figure 1 Flow diagram of study selection.

Table 2 Characteristics of RCTs regarding effect of RMD on the bowel movements

Study	Study design	N (M/F)	Age	Daily intake of RMD(g)a	Duration (day)
Abellán Ruiz et al^Citation20	DPT	66(32:34)	21.3±2.8	13.5	21
Furukawa et al^Citation21	SCT	40 (7:33)	27.9±2.7	3.8	14
Ikeguchi et al^Citation28	DCT	42 (0:42)	28.2±6.1	4.4	14
Inafuku et al^Citation29	DCT	54 (12:42)	37±1.5	7.0	14
Inagi et al^Citation30	SCT	47 (0:47)	21.3±0.7	4.6	14
Ishi et al^Citation31b	SCT	40 (0:40)	43.3	5.0	20
Ishi et al^Citation31c	SCT	40 (0:40)	43.3	5.0	20
Ito et al^Citation32	DCT	56 (8:48)	36.7±5.9	5.1	14
Kasagi et al^Citation33	SCT	46 (2:44)	20.2±1.4	5.0	14
Kishimoto et al^Citation34	SCT	38 (0:38)	19.8±0.9	4.2	14
Kusaba et al^Citation35	DCT	50 (8:42)	M: 40.5, F: 36.3	5.1	14
Nakamura et al^Citation36	SCT	30 (0:30)	20–22	5.3	20
Nakamura et al^Citation37	SCT	30 (0:30)	20–22	5.0	20
Sato et al^Citation38	DCT	28 (0:28)	23.7	4.8	14
Sato et al^Citation39	DCT	29 (0:29)	24.8	4.8	14
Seno et al^Citation40	SCT	39 (2:37)	39.9±11.5	4.8	14
Shimabukuro et al^Citation41	SCT	28 (12:16)	M: 47.8, F: 40.1	5.2	20
Takagaki et al^Citation42	SCT	71 (38:33)	28.4±8.1	5.1	14
Takagaki et al^Citation43	DCT	40 (0:40)	37.0±12.2	5.1	14
Tanahashi et al^Citation44	DCT	41 (0:41)	30.4±4.5	4.7	10
Tanaka et al^Citation45	SCT	22 (0:22)	23.1±4.3	5.9	14
Tanaka et al^Citation46	SCT	40 (0:40)	20–58	6.2	14
Taniguchi et al^Citation47	SCT	40 (14:26)	23.0±3.2	5.0	10
Umagami et al^Citation48	DCT	32 (10:22)	M: 35, F: 38	5.7	20
Umekawa et al^Citation49	SCT	27 (6:21)	30.1±7.9	5.0	10
Unno et al^Citation50	CT	84 (58:26)	Undescribed	4.2	14
Unno et al^Citation51	SCT	42 (0:42)	21–41	4.8	14
Unno et al^Citation52	SCT	37 (13:24)	23–44	5.3	14
Yamamoto et al^Citation53	CT	29 (6:23)	M: 44.7, F: 30.1	7.7	7

Notes:

a Amount as dietary fiber;

b substudy 1;

c substudy 2.

Abbreviations: CT, crossover trial; DCT, double-blind crossover trial; DPT, double-blind parallel-group trial; F, female; M, male; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RMD, resistant maltodextrin; SCT, single-blind crossover trial.

Table 3 Risk of bias of RCTs regarding effect of RMD on the bowel movements

Study	Sequence generation	Allocation sequence concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Incomplete outcome data	Selective outcome reporting	Other potential threats to validity
Abellán Ruiz et al^Citation20	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Furukawa et al^Citation21	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ikeguchi et al^Citation28	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Inafuku et al^Citation29	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Inagi et al^Citation30	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ishi et al^Citation31a	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ishi et al^Citation31b	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Ito et al^Citation32	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Kasagi et al^Citation33	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Kishimoto et al^Citation34	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Kusaba et al^Citation35	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Nakamura et al^Citation36	Unclear risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Nakamura et al^Citation37	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sato et al^Citation38	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Sato et al^Citation39	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Seno et al^Citation40	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Shimabukuro et al^Citation41	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Takagaki et al^Citation42	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Takagaki et al^Citation43	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Tanahashi et al^Citation44	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Tanaka et al^Citation45	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Tanaka et al^Citation46	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Taniguchi et al^Citation47	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Umagami et al^Citation48	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Umekawa et al^Citation49	Unclear risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Unno et al^Citation50	Unclear risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Unno et al^Citation51	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Unno et al^Citation52	Low risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk
Yamamoto et al^Citation53	Low risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk

Notes:

a Substudy 1;

b substudy 2.

Abbreviations: RCT, randomized controlled trial; RMD, resistant maltodextrin.

Figure 2 Forest plot for the effect of RMD on stool volume.

Abbreviations: RMD, resistant maltodextrin; IV, inverse variance.

Figure 3 Forest plot for the effect of RMD on stool frequency.

Abbreviations: RMD, resistant maltodextrin; IV, inverse variance.

Figure 4 Funnel plot of publication bias for the effect of RMD on stool frequency.

Notes: (A) Original data; (B) after correction by the trim and fill method.
Abbreviation: RMD, resistant maltodextrin.

Figure 5 Forest plot for the effect of RMD on the sensation of complete/incomplete evacuation.

Abbreviation: RMD, resistant maltodextrin.

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