Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: A Review on Clinical Features, Investigations and Current Management

Figures & data

Figure 1 Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2009 flow diagram: gallbladder hydatid cyst: literature search.

Figure 2 Computed tomography (CT) scan showing well-defined cystic lesion with internal septations and septal and peripheral calcification in segments IVa/IVb of the liver.

Figure 3 Inflamed deformed gallbladder after resection.

Figure 4 Opened gallbladder specimen with daughter hydatid cyst.

Table 1 Primary Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: Clinical Features and Investigations

Authors	Age/Sex	Clinical Features	Laboratory Investigations	Imaging Studies	Serology
Yagnik et al (2020)	35/F	RUQ Pain, Nausea, vomiting	Normal	USG: Cystic lesion (right. lobe liver) CT: Cystic lesion in liver segment IVa/IVb (2.3×2.3×2.4cm)	Not done
Uzunoglu^Citation6 (2016)	68/M	RUQ pain, lump. Murphy’s sign	Mild leukocytosis	USG: Acute cholecystitis	ND
Kabiraj et al^Citation7(2015)	16/F	RUQ pain, nausea, lump, Murphy’s sign	Normal	USG: Double gallbladder CT: GB Hydatid	Negative
Noomene et al^Citation8 (2013)	32/F	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, Murphy’s sign	Normal	USG, CT: Inflammatory GB MRCP: Hydatid	Negative
Rabbani et al^Citation9 (2011)	38/M	Fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, Murphy’s sign	Eosinophilia, Leukocytosis	USG: Hydatid cyst of the GB (5×3 cm)	Not done
Krasniqui et al^Citation10 (2010)	39/F	Abdominal pain, nausea, Murphy’s sign	Normal	X-ray: calcified opacity USG and CT: calcified hydatid cyst (7×5 cm)	Not done
Pitiakoudis et al^Citation11 (2006)	60/M	RUQ pain, fever, vomiting	Leukocytosis,	USG: Liver hydatid CT: abnormal GB with calcified stone MRCP: (?) Inflammatory (?) neoplastic cyst	Not done
Wani et al^Citation12 (2005)	51/F	RUQ Abdominal pain	NA	USG: cholelithiasis	Not done
Safioleas et al^Citation13 (2004)	61/F	Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting	Normal	X-ray, Barium meal and cholangiography	Not done
Safioleas et al^Citation13 (2004)	51/F	Abdominal pain	Eosinophilia	X-ray, Barium meal and USG	Not done
Safioleas et al^Citation13 (2004)	63/F	Abdominal pain and dyspepsia	Eosinophilia	X-ray, CT: Hydatid 5X4X5 cm	Positive
Kapoor et al^Citation14 (2000)	53/M	RUQ pain, fever, and jaundice, Lump	Altered LFT	USG: Ruptured hydatid cyst	Positive
Rigas et al^Citation15 (1979)	65/F	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting	Normal	Barium meal, X-ray chest, liver scan, and cholangiogram: Filling defect in the GB	Not done

Abbreviations: RUQ, Right upper quadrant; USG, Ultrasonography; GB, Gallbladder; CT, computed tomography; MRCP, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; ND, no details; NA, not available; LFT, liver function tests.

Table 2 Primary Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: Management and Follow-Up

Authors	Medical Therapy	Surgery	Hospital Stay	Follow-Up	Recurrence
Yagnik et al	No	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy	3	3 mo	No
Uzunoglu MY^Citation6	Yes (ND)	Open cholecystectomy	4	6 mo	No
Kabiraj et al^Citation7	Yes (ND)	Open cholecystectomy	10	6 mo	No
Noomene et al^Citation8	Not given	Open cholecystectomy	4	6 mo	No
Rabbani et al^Citation9	Yes, 3 cycles, 21 days. 10 days interval	Open cholecystectomy with Pericystectomy	8	2 years	No
Krasniqui et al^Citation10	Yes, 2 cycles, 21 days, 14 days interval	Open cholecystectomy with Pericystectomy	7	5 years	No
Pitiakoudis et al^Citation11	Yes (4 mo)	Open cholecystectomy	12	2 years	No
Wani et al^Citation12	Not given	Open cholecystectomy	ND	ND	No
Safioleas et al^Citation13	Not given	Open cholecystectomy	ND	10 years	No
Safioleas et al^Citation13	Not given	Open cholecystectomy	7	6 years	No
Safioleas et al^Citation13	Yes (2 mo)	Open cholecystectomy	10	4 years	No
Kapoor et al^Citation14	No	ERCP+ Stenting	Sepsis expired on day 5	_	_
Rigas et al^Citation15	No	Open cholecystectomy	9	8 mo	No

Abbreviations: ND, no details; mo, months; ERCP, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 3 Secondary Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: Clinical Features and Investigations

Authors	Age/Sex	Clinical Features	Laboratory Investigations	Imaging Studies	Serology
Jain G et al^Citation16 (2019)	60/M	Abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, nausea	Normal FNAC: Hydatid cyst	USG: GB mass (4×3 cm) with liver cyst MRI: Ca GB with liver metastases	Positive
Yücesoy et al^Citation17 (2014)	58/M	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, lump, weight loss	Altered LFT	USG and MRCP: GB with liver hydatid (10 cm liver; mm-size filling defects in GB). Dilated CBD	Not done
Ertem et al^Citation18 (2012)	48/M	Abdominal pain, jaundice, Murphy’s sign	Altered LFT, leukocytosis	USG: Distended GB, dilated CBD, cyst in segment IVb CT: cyst in the liver (IVb), CBD stone hydatid (ND) MRCP: Obstructed CBD	Positive
Mushtaque et al^Citation19(2011)	70/F	RUQ pain, lump and dyspepsia	Normal	USG & CECT Liver plus gallbladder cyst hydatid (11×12cm, 6×7cm)	Positive
Murtaza et al^Citation20 (2008)	32/F	RUQ pain, past jaundice h/o liver hydatid, Hepatomegaly	Altered LFT	USG: Hydatid cyst of liver (ND)	Not done
Sabat et al^Citation21 (2008)	35/F	Epigastric pain, jaundice, fever	Altered LFT	USG: Liver hydatid cyst CT: Hydatid cyst with communication with GB	Not done
AdaletliI^Citation22 (2005)	46/M	RUQ pain, fever, jaundice	Altered LFT	USG: Cystic lesion in liver; GB normal MRCP: Fistulous connection between cyst and GB ERCP: No communication	Not done
Kumar et al^Citation23 (2004)	27/F	Abdominal pain Past history of liver hydatid	Normal	CT: Cyst into segment IV and VII (Hydatid)	Not done
Raza et al^Citation24 (2003)	27/M	Abdominal pain, dyspepsia hepatomegaly	NA	USG: GB stone	Not done
BarónUrbano^Citation25 (1978)	76	Abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly	Altered LFT	NA	NA

Abbreviations: FNAC, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology; USG, Ultrasonography; GB, Gallbladder; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; CT, Computed tomography; CECT, Contrast enhanced computed tomography; Ca, Cancer; LFT, liver function tests; MRCP, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; RUQ, Right upper quadrant; h/o, History of; CBD, Common bile duct; ERCP, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ND, no details; NA, not available.

Table 4 Secondary Gallbladder Hydatid Cyst: Management and Follow-Up

Authors	Medical Therapy	Surgery	Hospital Stay	Follow-Up	Recurrence
Jain G et al^Citation16	Yes (1 mo with 2 wks pause for 3 mo)	Not done (Patient refused surgery)	_	1 year	No
Yücesoy et al^Citation17	Yes (8 wks)	Cystotomy with Cholecystectomy with choledochoduodenostomy	ND	ND	ND
Ertem et al^Citation18	Yes (ND)	ERCP stenting then Lap cholecystectomy	1	ND	ND
Mushtaque et al^Citation19	Preop (4 wks) + postop (3 cycles, 21 days with 1 wk pause)	Cholecystectomy and partial cystectomy and closure of cystobiliary communication.	12	3 mo	No
Murtaza et al^Citation20	Preop (2 wks) Albendazole + postop (ND)	Subtotal cholecystectomy with fistulous opening closure	ND	2 years	No
Sabat et al^Citation21	Yes (9 mo)	PAIR followed by cholecystectomy	ND	9 mo	No
Adaletli^Citation22	ND	Surgery	ND	ND	ND
Kumar et al^Citation23	Yes (4 mo)	Partial pericystectomy with cholecystectomy and fistula closure (Seg IV); PAIR for seg VII	ND	1 year	No
Raza et al^Citation24	Yes	Open cholecystectomy with rt lobe enucleation	ND	1 mo	No
Barón Urbano et al^Citation25	No	Open cholecystectomy with total cyst resection (thoracotomy)	NA	NA	NA

Abbreviations: preop, preoperative; postop, Post-operative; ND, no details; NA, not available; ERCP, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, mo, month/s; wk, week/s; PAIR, puncture aspiration injection re-aspiration; seg, segment.

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