Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Patients According to Different Serum Uric Acid Levels

	Non-Hyperuricemia, n (%)	Hyperuricemia, n (%)	t-value	P-value
CKD^+ NAFLD^+	119 (42.7)	160 (57.3)	4.24	0.039
CKD^+ NAFLD^−	90 (52.6)	81 (47.4)

Table 2 Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients According to Different Serum Uric Acid Levels

Variables	Non-Hyperuricemia (n = 119)	Hyperuricemia (n = 160)	t-value	P value
Age, year	62.96±13.31	62.2±13.28	0.45	0.65
Gender, n (%)
Males	71 (59.7)	81 (50.6)	2.24	0.134
Females	48 (40.3)	79 (49.4)
Abdominal obesity, n (%)			0.25	0.874
Diabetes diagnosis, n(%)	76 (63.9)	86 (53.8)	3.49	0.065
Hepatic steatosis, n(%)
Mild	56 (47.1)	76 (47.5)	0.039	0.98
Moderate	51 (42.9)	69 (43.1)
Severe	12 (10.1)	15 (9.4)
Metabolic syndrome, n(%)	62 (52.1)	95 (59.4)	0.127	0.782
Hypertension, n(%)	87 (73.1)	120 (75)	0.127	0.782
GFR, mL/min per 1.73m^2	34.57±11.21	29.87±9.8	3.56	0.001
Creatinine, mg/dl	2.08±07	2.32±0.93	3.08	0.002
C-reactive protein, mg/L, n (%)
+1	34 (30.6)	38 (27.1)	1.76	0.622
+2	24 (21.6)	28 (20)
+3	4 (3.6)	10 (7.1)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	60 (50.4)	101 (63.1)	4.51	0.038

Table 3 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis Shows the Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia in CKD⁺NAFLD⁺

Variables	B	Odd Ratio (95% CI)	P values
Age	0.007	0.99 (0.97–1.017)	0.591
Gender	2.296	0.74 (0.31–1.75)	0.498
Abdominal obesity	0.694	2 (0.95–4.17)	0.065
Diabetes diagnosis	0.741	2.09 (1.13–3.89)	0.019
Hepatic steatosis	0.0001	1 (0.65–1.52)	0.99
Metabolic syndrome	0.424	0.65 (0.33–1.28)	0.217
Hypertension	0.126	0.88 (0.45–1.70)	0.707
GFR	0.096	0.90 (0.851–0.97)	0.004
Creatinine, mg/dl	0.479	0.62 (0.30–1.26)	0.187
C-reactive protein	0.014	1.01 (0.76–1.37)	0.928
Hyperlipidemia	0.772	0.46 (0.25–0.85)	0.013
Constant	5.14	171.96	0.068