Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ahvaz, Iran

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic Characteristics of Patients

Variables		UC n=130	CD n=23	P-value
Age (years)		37.68 ± 12.53	36.39 ± 11.59	0.7
Vitamin D levels, ng/mL		18.53 ± 9.55	19.3 ± 11.82	0.79
Gender, n (%)	Male	46 (35.4)	12 (52.2)	0.16
	Female	84 (64.6)	11 (47.8)
Disease severity, n (%)	Flare-up	40 (30.8)	13 (56.5)	0.03
	Remission	90 (69.2)	10 (43.5)
Vitamin D Status, n (%)	Normal	47 (36.2)	7 (30.4)	0.64
	Deficiency	83 (63.8)	16 (69.6)
Colon involvement in UC patients n (%)	Proctitis	28 (21.5)	-	–
	Distal colitis & left side colitis	46 (35.4)	-
	Pancolitis & extensive colitis	56 (43.1)	-
CD patients’ age at the onset of disease, n (%)	< 18	-	2 (8.7)	–
	18–40	-	18 (78.3)
	˃ 40	-	3 (13)
Location of involvement in CD patients, n (%)	Colitis	-	9 (39.1)	–
	Illetis	-	3 (13)
	Illeocolitis	-	11 (47.8)
Behavior in CD patients, n (%)	Inflammatory	-	17 (73.9)	–
	Stricture	-	4 (17.4)
	Fistula	-	2 (8.7)
Perianal fistula in CD patients, n (%)	No	-	16 (69.6)	–
	Yes	-	7 (30.4)

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.

Table 2 Comparison of Vitamin D Level and Status with Disease Severity

Group of Patients	Disease Severity	Vitamin D Levels, ng/mL Mean ± SD	P-value^a	Vitamin D Status Normal, n (%)	Vitamin D Status Deficiency, n (%)	P-value^b
UC n=130	Flare	15.63 ± 6.57	0.03	8 (20)	32 (80)	0.01
	Remission	19.82 ± 10.39		39 (43.3)	51 (56.7)
CD n=23	Flare	19.17 ± 13.08	0.74	3 (23.1)	10 (76.9)	0.65
	Remission	19.48 ± 10.65		4 (40)	6 (10)

Notes: P-value: ^aComparison of vitamin D level with disease severity. P-value: ^bComparison of vitamin D status with disease severity.

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.

Table 3 Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and the Main Variables in Patients with UC and CD

Variables		Vitamin D Status		P-value
		Normal	Deficiency
Colon involvement in UC patients, n (%) n=123	Proctitis	9 (32.1)	19 (67.9)	0.84
	Distal colitis & left side colitis	18 (39.1)	28 (60.9)
	Pancolitis & extensive colitis	20 (35.7)	36 (64.3)
CD patients’ age at the onset of disease, n (%)	< 18	2 (100)	0 (0)	0.12
	18–40	4 (22.2)	14 (77.8)
	˃ 40	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)
Location of involvement in CD patients, n (%)	Colitis	1 (11.1)	8 (88.9)	0.09
	Ileitis	0 (0)	3 (100)
	Illeocolitis	6 (54.5)	5 (45.5)
Behavior in CD patients, n (%)	Inflammatory	4 (23.5)	13 (76.5)	0.14
	Stricture	3 (75)	1 (25)
	Fistula	0 (0)	2 (100)
Perianal fistula in CD patients, n (%)	No	4 (25)	12 (75)	0.62
	Yes	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.

Table 4 Comparison of Vitamin D Status with Gender in Patient Groups

Group of Patients		Vitamin D Status in Males, n (%)		Vitamin D Status in Females, n (%)
		Normal	Deficiency	Normal	Deficiency
UC n=130	Flare	3 (25)	9 (75)	5 (17.2)	23 (82.1)
	Remission	15 (44.1)	19 (55.9)	24 (42.9)	32 (57.1)
	P-value	0.24		0.02
CD n=23	Flare	3 (37.5)	5 (62.2)	0 (0)	5 (100)
	Remission	2 (50)	2 (50)	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)
	P-value	0.99		0.45

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.

Table 5 Logistic Regression Analysis in UC

	Crude OR (CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (CI: 95%)	P-value
Age	0.96 (0.92–0.99)	0.018	0.95 (0.92–0.99)	0.015
Sex	1.42 (0.637–3.2)	0.39	–	–
Vit. D level	0.95 (0.9–0.99)	0.023	0.94 (0.89–0.99)	0.01

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; UC, ulcerative colitis.